1. Evidence for Evolution
Fossil Record
Natural Selection/Adaptation
Homologous Structures/Vestigual structures
Embryology
DNA Sequences

2. Types of Adaptation Fitness - “Survival of the Fittest”
The better adapted an organism is – better chance of surviving

3. Survival of the fittest

4. What do you think? 1 min discuss with elbow partner

5. Natural Selection – Survival of the Fittest
Fittest = Who is able to survive and pass genes on to more offspring.

7. Types of Adaptation
Camouflage

9. Amazing Animal Camouflage
Types of Adaptation
Camouflage
Amazing Animal Camouflage

10. Types of Adaptation Mimicry –
One species evolves to resemble another species

11. -pesticide resistance
Types of Adaptation
Resistance
-pesticide resistance
-antimicrobial resistance

13. Mechanisms of Natural Selection
Mutation
Random change in genetic material
Gene Flow
Immigration - in
Emmigration - out
Genetic Drift
Population Size – large vs small
Founder Effect – small population is separated from the rest (ie. Amish, Mennonite)
Bottleneck – population declines to low level and rebounds

14. Principles of Natural Selection
Variation
– Individuals in a population show differences
2. Heritability
– Variations can be inherited
3. Overproduction
– Organisms have more offspring than what can survive
4. Reproductive advantage
– have more offspring
– chances of those traits being passed on are greater.

15. 4 Ways Natural Selection Alters Phenotype
Disruptive Selection:
Splits the population into two groups
Removes average trait – keeps both extremes
Sexual Selection:
Ability to attract a mate
usually males are more colorful
i.e. pheasants, peacocks

16. 4 Ways Natural Selection Alters Phenotype
Stabilizing Selection:
Eliminates extreme expression of traits
i.e. Below-normal and above-normal birth weight
Directional Selection:
Extreme version makes it more fit.
i.e. Peppered Moth, finches

17. Natural Selection – Survival of the Fittest
Rock Pocket Mouse Rock Pocket Mouse Simulation

18. Peppered Moth Simulation

19. Natural Variation and Artificial Selection
Differences Among Individuals Of A Species
Artificial Selection
Selective Breeding To Enhance Desired Traits Among Stock or Crops

20. Artificial Selection
Breeding of organisms with desired traits to obtain more organisms with those traits

21. Artificial Selection Breeding done at Man’s direction Examples Seeds
Dog Breeds
Foods
Feeder Animals (Cows, Pigs, Sheep, etc.)
Breeder Animals (Bulls, etc.)
Competition (Horses, Frogs, etc.)

22. Artificial Selection
Dogs and More Dogs