1. CNA PREP COURSE- 2018
BFI NURSING
MODULE 3

2. Psychosocial needs A human being has the following psychosocial needs:
Needs having to do with social interaction, emotions, intellect, and spirituality.
A human being has the following psychosocial needs:
Love and affection
Acceptance by others
Security
Self-reliance and independence in daily living
Interaction with other people
Success and self-esteem

3. Physical Needs A human being has six basic physical needs:
Food and water
Protection and shelter
Activity
Sleep and rest
Safety
Comfort, freedom from pain

4. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Start at the basic needs (bottom of pyramid) and work your way up.

5. Sexual Needs
Remember these important points about sexual needs and situations:
People continue to have sexual needs throughout their lives.
Humans express their sexuality through different behaviors.
Knock and wait for a response before entering residents’ rooms.
Provide privacy if you encounter a sexual situation.
Do not judge any sexual behavior you see.
Honor “Do Not Disturb” signs.

6. Spiritual Needs
As an NA you can help your residents with their spiritual needs:
Learn about their religion.
Assist with practices (never make judgments).
Encourage participation in religious services if they are religious.
Respect all religious items.
Report requests to see clergy to nurse.
Get to know resident’s priest, rabbi, or minister.
Allow privacy for clergy visits.
If asked, read religious materials aloud.
Refer resident to spiritual resources if requested.

7. You should never:
Try to change someone’s religion
Tell a resident his/her belief or religion is wrong
Express judgments about a religious group
Insist that a resident join religious activities
Interfere with religious practices

8. Holistic care a type of care that involves considering a whole system, such as a whole person, rather than dividing the system into parts

9. Imagine the losses residents may be experiencing:
Loss of spouse, family, or friends
Loss of workplace
Loss of ability to go places
Loss of home and personal possessions
Loss of ability to attend religious services and meetings
Loss of ability to care for themselves
Loss of ability to move freely
Loss of pets
Can you think of any others?

10. Residents may encounter these problems due to lack of independence:
Poor self-image
Anger
Feelings of helplessness, sadness, and hopelessness
Feelings of uselessness
Increased dependence
Depression

11. PROMOTION OF INDEPENDANCE
As an NA you can promote independence in these ways:
Encourage residents to do as much as possible for themselves no matter how long it takes.
Be patient.
Allow residents to make choices.
Allow them to choose clothing for today, activities to attend, time of day for shower ex. Day or night.
REMEMBER:
Never treat residents like children. Respect the fact that they can make their own choices and always encourage self-care.

12. Cultural Competence for Healthcare Providers- You Tube
Cultural diversity
the variety of people with varied backgrounds and experiences who live and work together in the world.
Cultural Competence for Healthcare Providers- You Tube

13. PHYSICAL ACTIVITY Physical activity has the following benefits:
Lessens risk of illness
Relieves symptoms of depression
Improves mood and concentration
Improves body function
Lowers risk of falls
Improves sleep
Improves ability to cope with stress
Increases energy
Increases appetite

14. Inactivity and mobility can cause many problems for residents:
Loss of self-esteem
Depression
Boredom
Pneumonia
Urinary tract infection
Constipation
Blood clots
Dulling of the senses

15. TYPES OF FAMILY There are many types of families:
Single-parent families
Nuclear families
Blended families
Multigenerational families
Extended families
Unmarried couples
Same-sex couples

16. NAs must treat residents’ families and friends in a professional manner:
Be respectful and nice
Allow privacy for visits
Observe and report effects of visits on residents.

17. STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT Stages of development include:
Infancy (birth to 12 months)
Grow and develop quickly
Development is from head down
Childhood: The Toddler Period (1 to 3 years)
Formerly dependent, now gain independence and body control
Learn to speak, gain coordination and bladder and bowel control
May have tantrums or whine to get their way

18. STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT Stages of development (cont’d.):
Childhood: The Preschool Years (3 to 6 years)
More social relationships
Play cooperatively and learn language
Know right from wrong
Childhood: School-Age Children (6 to 12 years)
Cognitive development (thinking and learning)
Get along with others in peer group
Develop a conscience and self-esteem

19. STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT Stages of development (cont’d.):
Puberty and Adolescence (12 to 18 years)
Secondary sex characteristics appear
Reproductive organs begin to function
Concern for body and peer acceptance
Changing moods
Interact with opposite sex
Young Adulthood (18 to 40 years)
Select a career
Select and live with a mate
Raise children
Develop satisfying sex life

20. STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT Stages of development (cont’d.):
Middle Adulthood (40 to 65 years)
More comfortable and stable
May have “mid-life crisis”
Late Adulthood (65 years and older)
Many physical and psychosocial changes
Loss of physical health
Loss of friends and jobs

21. Ageism
prejudice toward, stereotyping of, and/or discrimination against older persons or the elderly.

22. Stages of Human Development
Remember these facts about aging:
People have many different capabilities.
Stereotypes are false.
Older persons are usually active.
Aging is a normal process, not a disease.
Aging persons need to adjust to change.
They do not need to be dependent

23. Aging brings many normal changes:
Thinner, drier, more fragile, and less elastic skin
Weaker muscles
Bones more brittle
Sensitivity of nerve endings in skin decreases
Responses and reflexes slow
Short-term memory loss
Changes in senses

24. Normal changes of aging (cont’d.):
Less efficient heart
Oxygen in blood decreases
Decreased appetite
More frequent elimination
Changes in hormone production
Weakened immunity
Change in lifestyle

25. Aging also may bring changes not considered normal:
Depression
Loss of ability to think logically
Poor nutrition
Shortness of breath
Incontinence
REMEMBER: It is important that you report ALL changes in residents.

26. Remember these guidelines for caring for mentally ill residents:
Observe for changes in condition or ability. Document and report observations.
Support resident and family and friends.
Encourage resident to do as much for himself as possible.
Remember that mental illness can be treated.

27. Denial: refusal to believe one is dying Anger: “Why me?”
Terminal illness
a disease or condition that will eventually cause death
Dr. Kubler-Ross stages on death and dying
Denial: refusal to believe one is dying
Anger: “Why me?”
Bargaining: “Yes me, but . . .”
Depression: need to mourn and review one’s life
Acceptance: preparing for death

28. Durable power of attorney for health care
Advance directives
legal documents that allow people to choose what kind of medical care they wish to have if they are unable to make those decisions themselves.
Durable power of attorney for health care
a signed, dated, and witnessed paper that appoints someone else to make the medical decisions for a person in the event he or she becomes unable to do so.
Living will
a document that states the medical care a person wants, or does not want, in case he or she becomes unable to make those decisions for him- or herself.
Do-not-resuscitate (DNR)
an order that tells medical professionals not to perform CPR.

29. Signs of Impending death
The following are signs of approaching death:
Blurred vision that gradually fails
Unfocused eyes
Impaired speech
Diminished sense of touch
Loss of movement, muscle tone, and feeling
Rising body temperature or below normal temperature
Decreasing blood pressure
Weak pulse that is abnormally slow or rapid

30. Signs of approaching death (cont’d.):
Slow irregular respirations or rapid, shallow respirations (Cheyne-Stokes)
Rattling or gurgling sound as person breathes
Cold, pale skin
Mottling, spotting, or blotching of skin
Perspiration
Incontinence
Disorientation or confusion
Cheyne Stokes Video-

31. Postmortem Care Postmortem care
care of the body after death.
Remember these guidelines for postmortem care:
Rigor mortis may make the body difficult to move. Talk to the nurse if you need assistance.
Bathe the body gently.
Place drainage pads where needed.
Do not remove tubes or other equipment.
Put in dentures if instructed by the nurse.
Close eyes.
Post-mortemcare:

32. POST-MORTEM CARE Guidelines for postmortem care (cont’d.):
Position body. Put a small pillow under head.
Follow facility policy on personal items.
Strip the bed after body is gone.
Open windows to air the room. Straighten room.
Respect wishes of family and friends.
Document procedure.
REMEMBER, EACH FACILITY HAS THEIR OWN POLICIES REGARDING POST-MORTEM CARE! FOLLOW YOUR FACILITIES GUIDELINES.

33. Hospice Care Palliative care These are the goals of hospice care:
care that focuses on the comfort and dignity of the person, rather than on curing him or her.
These are the goals of hospice care:
Promote the comfort of resident
Preserve the dignity of resident
Hospice works to meet the resident’s physical, emotional, social, and spiritual needs
Hospice Care: