1. The States United Olive Branch Petition:
Written after Lexington and Concord and Bunker Hill
Appeal to the King to stop conflict
Rejected by KG3
***Most Americans in 1775 wanted to go back to salutary neglect. They did NOT want independence***
Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms:
You Brits. left us with only 2 options:
Unconditional submission to tyranny
Resistance by force

2. The States United No longer just about grievances:
Too many people dying, cost of this thing is going up and up
British recruitments to fight Americans:
Native Americans
Southern slaves
Hessians
Enacted the “Prohibitory Act”
Closed overseas trade (blockade)
No concessions to Americans

3. The States United Common Sense – T-Paine 2nd Continental Congress:
January 1776, aimed at Americans that were “on the fence”
Urged Americans to break away from England
Political system of England was broken
2nd Continental Congress:
Urged trading with all countries but England
July, 1776: Declaration of Independence

4. The States United Cont. Loyalists: Patriots:
Those that remained loyal to England
Patriots:
Those that favored independence

5. The States United Cont. Articles of Confederation:
Weak central government
No executive branch
Couldn’t tax…

6. The States United Cont. The War: Mobilizing
Financing (inflation, borrow, borrow, borrow, business man’s cause=profit)
Lafayette, von Stueben
Advantages v. disadvantages

7. The States United Cont. The War: New England
Bunker (Breed’s Hill), Evacuation Day, Spirit of Revolution
Mid-Atlantic
Brits. take NY, Trenton (DE River), Howe stays in Philly, Valley Forge
Saratoga (here come the French)
The South
Savannah, Charles Town
Nathanael Greene (King’s Mountain, Cowpens)
Cornwallis…Guilford to Wilmington, to Yorktown

8. The Creation of State Governments
Republicanism:
All power comes from the people
Equality for all? No
Slavery still existed
Women had few rights
Roles change however:
Active in the war
“Republican Motherhood”

9. The Creation of State Governments
State Constitutions:
Governor s could not hold seats in legislatures
Property requirements for voting (varied)
Following MA’s example, state constitutions evolved
Strong governors (elected by the people, paid a salary)
Constitutional convention (meet, write, disband)
Religious Toleration:
Statute of Religious Freedom (led by Virginia…T. J.)
Anglican Church weakens…Catholic Church strengthens
Slavery:
Outlawed in northern states
Persisted in border and southern states
Revolution exposed the tension between a commitment to liberty and a commitment to slavery

10. The Search For A National Government
The Articles: 1777, 1781, 1789
Very strong legislative branch
Feared a strong executive
NY and VA gave up claims to western lands
Powers under the Articles:
Conduct foreign relations (conduct war)
Appropriate, borrow, and issue $

11. The Search For A National Government
Powers not given under the Articles
Could not regulate trade
Could not collect taxes
Problems with Articles:
13 states required approval to amend the Articles
Representation was = for each state

12. The Search For A National Government Cont.
Foreign Policy Problems:
Britain did not follow Treaty of Paris of 1783
just try to kick us out
just try to collect restitution
I’m sorry those markets are still closed
Blurred lines with boundaries

13. The Search For A National Government Cont.
Land Ordinance of 1785:
Congress could survey and selling western lands
36 sections: sale from one section went towards public schools
Northwest Land Ordinance of 1787:
Once a territory reached 60,000 people, it could apply for statehood
Slavery was banned in NW territory

14. The Search For A National Government Cont.
Battle of Fallen Timbers:
After Little Turtle (Miami OH) defeated Americans 1791
General “Mad” Anthony Wayne defeated Indians 1794
Treaty of Greenville:
1795 Treaty with Native Americans, many moved out of Ohio and Indiana territories
U. S. “affirmed” that Indian lands could only be ceded by the tribes themselves

15. The Search For A National Government Cont.
Postwar Depression: 1784 – 1787
Country is in debt – Articles can’t enforce taxation
Farmers:
Many were in debt, favored increasing the money supply
Farmers vs. wealthy

16. The Search For A National Government Cont.
Shays’ Rebellion:
Former Rev. War vet
Called for:
Paper $
Tax relief
Elimination of imprisonment for debt
End of foreclosures
Significance:
SHOWED that the Articles were weak
More people advocated a stronger central government
MA Gov. raised force funded by wealthy…

17. Past Essay Topics
Analyze the political, diplomatic, and military reasons for the United States victory in the Revolutionary War. Confine your answer to the period 1775–1783
Analyze how the ideas and experiences of the revolutionary era influenced the principles embodied in the Articles of Confederation.
Evaluate the extent to which the Articles of Confederation were effective in solving the problems that confronted the new nation