1. 9-11 Causes of…

2. Serbia
Germany
Russia
England
Austria-Hungry
France
Which of the four (4) causes of the Great War is being displayed in this political cartoon? What do the colors of the National Names above the bubbles refer to?
1&2) Warm up

3. The Outbreak of World War I
The outbreak of WWI in 1914 was a test for America’s new foreign policy
The USA was now an imperial power after the Spanish-American War
The U.S. built the Panama Canal, used the Roosevelt Corollary to control Latin America, & created the Open Door Policy in China
But, the USA maintained a policy of neutrality in European affairs
3) Define

4. What caused World War I?
MILITARISM
ALLIANCES
IMPERIALISM
NATIONALISM

5. Militarism
Britain, France, Germany developed modern armies & navies, leading to an arms race in Europe
4) Define
German battleship, Kaiser
By the 20th century, European powers began to glorify war as a means to accomplish their goals

6. Alliances & Imperialism
Germany, Austria-Hungary, & Italy made up the Triple Alliance
England, France, & Russia made up the Triple Entente
IMPERIALISM: European nations took colonies, competition for colonies led to rivalries
Increasing militarism led nations to form powerful alliances in case of war
Alliances & Imperialism

7. Pre-War Alliance Network

8. Feelings of nationalism led strong countries to want to gain more power & led many weaker nations to want to re-define their boundaries
Nationalism was strong in the Balkans, where Serbia hoped to unite with Austrian Slavs
In 1914, Serbian terrorists assassinated Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand
Nationalism

9. The assassination sparked World War I
The Eastern Front
The Western Front
The Allied Powers
The Central Powers

10. The Great War quickly became the 1st “World War”??
5) Who vs Who?

11. But by 1917, the USA entered WWI as an Allied Power… WHY?
American Neutrality
When World War I began in 1914, President Woodrow Wilson declared U.S. neutrality
But by 1917, the USA entered WWI as an Allied Power… WHY? 10

12. Document A-1
6) What is this saying?

13. Document A-2
7) Infer…

14. U.S. Losses to German Submarine Warfare, 1916-1918
Document B
U.S. Losses to German Submarine Warfare,

15. Document C U.S. War Loans 1914—1917:
To the Allied Powers: $2.25 billion
To the Central Powers: $27 million
8) Analyze!

16. Intercepted telegram from Germany to Mexico, 1917
Document D
9) Huh?
Intercepted telegram from Germany to Mexico, 1917

17. 10) Why publish this story?
Document E
The German officer knocked at the door… The officer ordered the soldiers to break down the door, which two of them did. The peasant came and asked what they were doing. His hands were tied behind his back, and he was shot at once without a moment’s delay. The wife came out with a little sucking child. One of the Germans took a rifle and struck her a tremendous blow with the butt on the head. Another took his bayonet and fixed it and thrust it through the child. He then put his rifle on his shoulder with the child up on it, its little arms stretched out once or twice. The officers ordered the house to be set on fire…The man, his wife and child were thrown on top.
(James Bryce, head of the Committee on Alleged German Atrocities as reported to British Parliament, 1915)
10) Why publish this story?

18. (President Wilson, April, 1917)
Document F
We shall fight for the things which we have always carried nearest our hearts,—for democracy, for the right of those who submit to authority to have a voice in their own Governments, for the rights and liberties of small nations, for a universal dominion of right by such a concert of free peoples as shall bring peace and safety to all nations and make the world itself at last free…The world must be made safe for democracy.
(President Wilson, April, 1917)
11) What is this?

19. Document G
12) Infer!
In Nov 1917, Vladimir Lenin & the Bolsheviks successfully overthrew the Russian gov’t & established the Soviet Union, the 1st communist nation

20. Americans were killed when the Lusitania, Sussex, & Arabic sank
America Enters the War
Americans were killed when the Lusitania, Sussex, & Arabic sank
By 1917, the USA entered WWI as an Allied Power because:
German unrestricted submarine warfare violated U.S. free trade
Germany’s Zimmerman Telegram offered to return the Mexican Cession if Mexico invaded the USA
President Wilson hoped to stop the Central Powers & make the world “safe for democracy”
The USA declared war in April 1917 10

21. World War I in Color: Slaughter in the Trenches (47:18)

22. What were the four causes of World War I?
EQ’s:
What were the four causes of World War I?
Despite their wish, why was the United States unable to remain neutral in this conflict?
Answer 13&14

23. World War I & Its Impact on North Carolina
9-16 “The Great War”

24. Warm Up: Quote Analysis
“You will be home before the first leaves all from the trees”
– Keiser Wilhelm II to the German Troops
What does this quote say about the initial thoughts of the looming war?

25. Setting up the Dominoes
What sparked it?
Imperialism & the Alliance System
The “Catalyst”
Throughout 1800’s and early 1900’s-
Industrial nations fought 4 raw mat. & customers
They competed 2 build largest navy & strongest army
Tried to create largest empire
Called… Imperialism
Competition enflamed old hatreds & sparked new ones too!
To protect themselves…
Countries establish Alliance System
System of treaties that stated support for one another in the case of military actions against them
Austro-Hungarian Empire holds Bosnia as part of its empire
28 June Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to throne of A-H Empire, is assassinated by…
Gavrilo Princip
19yr. old Serbian student
Wanted Serbia, Bosnia, Herzegovina (Slavic nations) to become own free nation
Yugoslavia
Hoped this would start war b/t Slavs & A-H Empire
A-H Emperor outraged !!!
Austria declares war on Serbia
Serbia’s ally, Russia declares war on Austria
Austria’s ally, Germany declares war on Russia
Russia’s ally France gets in, and Germany declares war on France
To get to France, Germany must go through Belgium
Belgium’s ally (England) declares war on Germany
Slowly the dominoes fall, and the whole world gets involved

26. 3) Name the 2 sides

27. An Uneasy Neutrality
4) Your Opinion?
Central Powers- Austro-Hungarian, German, and Ottoman Empires
Allied Powers- Serbia, France, Russia, Belgium, England, Italy
At 1st…
USA tries to stay out
Declares neutrality, help neither side
President Woodrow Wilson urged neutrality but became sympathetic to Allied cause
Allies were mostly democracies
Had economic, and cultural ties to Allies as well
Central Powers were viewed as bullying empires

28. The United States Declares War
Germany’s war tactics make the decision for USA
Germans desperate to keep USA supplies from getting to Allies
May German U-Boat (submarine) sinks British passenger ship from NY to London
Lusitania (cruise ship)
100+ Americans died
President Wilson was outraged, but warned Germany not to mess w/ us again
Germany tests the waters
Alfred Zimmermann, Prime Minister of Germany
Sends telegram to Mexico
Urges them to join Central Powers and declare war on USA
The “Zimmermann Telegraph” was too much!!!
6 April USA declares war on Germany
Lusitania sinking video hyperlinked to pic of ship
5)Zimmermann Telegram

29. 6) What invention would you fear?
New Inventions
6) What invention would you fear?
During WWI, everyone used advances of Industrial Rev. to invent more deadly weapons
1860- machine gun invented, but perfected during WWI
Fired so fast…
Soldiers couldn’t protect themselves
Force the beginning of “Trench Warfare”
Soldiers dug 1,000’s of miles of trenches
Space of land /t the 2 sides and their trenches called…
“no man’s land”
Men could lay low
Fought and lived in the trenches for months at a time
Faced constant gunfire and diseased rats in the trenches
Other inventions added to brutality of war
Poison Gas
Tanks (1st used at Battle of the Somme
Airplanes and zeppelins used to bomb
After first 2 years of the war…
No one could tell who was winning
Wondered if it would ever end
7)Video Notes
Trench warfare video hyperlinked to trench photo
World War One Trench Warfare (3:53)

30. The Turning Point 8) Define Doughboy! 9) Define Armistice
1917- series of events start to bring war to end
Feb Russian people revolt against “Czar,” ruler
Tired of war, death, and starvation
7 Nov new Russian gov’t est.
That gov’t signs peace treaty w/ Germany
Result…
Germans & Austro-Hungarians can send more troops against Allies in West
Russian out of picture…
Germans think win soon theirs , but…
June US “doughboys” 250,000 per month!
By August, USA was pushing the Germans further and further east
Second Battle of the Marne (turning point)
Germans defeated, will never be on offensive again
German people had had enough!
Refused to fight any longer
9 Nov German “Kaiser,” ruler gave up throne
Germany becomes a republic
11 Nov Germans sign “armistace” cease fire agreement
11:00 am, the 11th hour, of the 11th day, of the 11th month.
9) Define Armistice

31. 11) What is the point of the League?
Making Peace
10) Treaty
11) What is the point of the League?
Jan reps from 32 nations met in Paris to write the treaty
The losers were not invited
Treaty becomes known as the Treaty of Versailles
Placed all blame on Germany
Germany forced to give up all colonies
Pay all costs of the war too!!!
Allied clearly won, but many believe treaty was way to rub Germans nose it
Analogy… “Running up the Score”
Will become basis of WW2
Austro-Hungarian & Ottoman Empires were broken up & divided into several countries
US President Wilson called for something bigger
League of Nations (precursor to UN)
World governing body set up to settle conflicts b/t countries w/o war
US citizens didn’t want to be a part of it…
Wanted to stay neutral in world affairs and refused to become a member
League quickly folds w/o US support
World War I - Treaty of Versailles (3:06)

32. Changes in Russia While debate of treaty was going on in Paris…
12) Revolution?
While debate of treaty was going on in Paris…
Russians in middle of civil war
Many groups battled for control
1920- Vladimir Lenin and Bolsheviks had won
Change name of country to Union of Soviet Socialist Republic, or USSR, or Soviet Union
Set up new gov’t based on ideas of Karl Marx, a German economist
Set up communism, economic system were peoples’ gov’t owns everything and profits divided equally
Homes, farms, land, crops, animals, etc

33. Effects of the War on North Carolina
Changes from WWI would leave the USA forever changed
116,000 US soldiers killed
Another 204,000 wounded
86,000+ NC soldiers fought in WWI
3 training camps were created in NC for US soldiers to train b4 deployment
Camp Greene in Charlotte
Camp Polk in Raleigh
Camp Bragg near Fayetteville
When the war ended, soldiers returned
Told tales of places and people they had seen
Gave many a new outlook on the world
Became critical of conditions at home
Lead to support drives for improvements w/in the state
Many became more tolerant of others ideas and cultures b/c of what they saw during the war overseas
14) Video Notes!
Hip Hughes Video Link hyperlinked on Camp Greene pix
13) How is having bases in our state good for our economy?

34. Exit Ticket
What was the result of World War 1?
15) Recap!