1. STOICHIOMETRY

2. What is stoichiometry?
Stoichiometry is the quantitative study of reactants and products in a chemical reaction.

3. What You Should Expect 2 A + 2B 3C Given : Amount of reactants
Question: how much of products can be formed.
Example
2 A + 2B C
Given 20.0 grams of A and sufficient B, how many grams of C can be produced?

4. What do you need? You will need to use molar ratios, molar masses,
balancing and interpreting equations, and
conversions between grams and moles.
Note: This type of problem is often called "mass-mass."

5. Steps Involved in Solving Mass-Mass Stoichiometry Problems
Balance the chemical equation correctly
Using the molar mass of the given substance, convert the mass given to moles.
Construct a molar proportion (two molar ratios set equal to each other)
Using the molar mass of the unknown substance, convert the moles just calculated to mass.

6. Mole Ratios
A mole ratio converts moles of one compound in a balanced chemical equation into moles of another compound.

7. Example
Reaction between magnesium and oxygen to form magnesium oxide. ( fireworks)
2 Mg(s) + O2(g) MgO(s)
Mole Ratios:
2 : 1 : 2

8. Practice Problems Write the mole ratios for N2 to H2 and NH3 to H2.
1) N2 + 3 H2 ---> 2 NH3
Write the mole ratios for N2 to H2 and NH3 to H2.
2) A can of butane lighter fluid contains 1.20 moles of butane (C4H10). Calculate the number of moles of carbon dioxide given off when this butane is burned.

9. Mole-Mole Problems Using the practice question 2) above:
Equation of reaction
2C4H O CO H2O
Mole ratio
C4H CO2
1 : [ bases]
: X [ problem]
By cross-multiplication, X = 4.8 mols of CO2 given off

10. Mole-Mass Problems
Problem 1: 1.50 mol of KClO3 decomposes. How many grams of O2 will be produced? [k = 39, Cl = 35.5, O = 16]
2 KClO KCl + 3 O2

11. Three steps…Get Your Correct Answer
Use mole ratio
Get the answer in moles and then
Convert to Mass. [Simple Arithmetic]
Hello!
If you are given a mass in the problem, you will need to convert this to moles first. Ok?

12. Let’s go!
2 KClO KCl + 3 O2
2 :
: X
X = 2.25mol
Convert to mass
2.25 mol x 32.0 g/mol = 72.0 grams
Cool!

13. Try This: 2 : 2 X : 2.75 X = 2.75mol In mass: 2.75mol X 122.55 g/mol
We want to produce 2.75 mol of KCl. How many grams of KClO3 would be required?
Soln
KClO3 : KCl
2 :
X : 2.75
X = 2.75mol
In mass: 2.75mol X g/mol
= 337 grams zooo zimple!

14. Mass-Mass Problems
There are four steps involved in solving these problems:
Make sure you are working with a properly balanced equation.
Convert grams of the substance given in the problem to moles.
Construct two ratios - one from the problem and one from the equation and set them equal. Solve for "x," which is usually found in the ratio from the problem.
Convert moles of the substance just solved for into grams.

15. Just follow mass-mass problem to the penultimate level
Mass-Volume Problems
Just follow mass-mass problem to the penultimate level

16. Like this: There are four steps involved in solving these problems:
Make sure you are working with a properly balanced equation.
Convert grams of the substance given in the problem to moles.
Construct two ratios - one from the problem and one from the equation and set them equal. Solve for "x," which is usually found in the ratio from the problem.
Convert moles of the substance just solved for into Volume.

17. Conversion of mole to volume
No of moles = Volume
Molar volume
Can you remember a similar equation?

18. Molar volume
The molar volume is the volume occupied by one mole of ideal gas at STP. Its value is: 22.4dm3

19. Practice Problems
Calculate the volume of carbon dioxide formed at STP in ‘dm3' by the complete thermal decomposition of g of pure calcium carbonate (Relative atomic mass of Ca=40, C=12, O=16)
Solution:
Convert the mass to mole:
Molar mass of CaCO3 = (16 x 3) = 100gmol-1
Mole = mass/molar mass
3.125/100 = mol

20. Practice Problems As per the equation, Mole ratio 1 : 1
problem mol X
X = mol of CO2
Convert mole to volume [slide 17]
Volume = ( x 22.4)dm3
= 0.7dm3

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