1. Review of Carbon Classification
Type of C Attached to 1o (primary) C one other carbon 2o (secondary) C two other carbons 3o (tertiary) C three other carbons 4o (quaternary) C four other carbons

2. Alcohols
Alcohol: Has an -OH (hydroxyl) group bonded to a tetrahedral carbon
methanol, CH3OH, is the simplest alcohol

3. Classification of Alcohols
Depends on the C which has the –OH group attached
1o Alcohol—attached to one C
2o Alcohol—
attached to
two Cs
3o Alcohol--
attached to three Cs

4. Alcohol Nomenclature
1.Find longest carbon chain that contains the -OH group (parent chain)
2.Number chain from end that gives the -OH the lower number
3.Change the ending -e to -ol
4.Use a number to show the location of the -OH group
For cyclic alcohols, the carbon with the -OH group is C-1
5.Name and number substituents and list them in alphabetical order

5. Nomenclature

6. Nomenclature
Write the IUPAC name for each alcohol

7. Name the following
trans-1,3-cyclohexanediol
1,3-propanediol

8. ALDEHYDES AND KETONES
“carbonyl” functional group:
Aldehydes Ketones

9. Aldehydes, IUPAC nomenclature:
Parent chain = longest continuous carbon chain containing the carbonyl group; alkane, drop –e, add –al. (note: no locant, -CH=O is carbon #1.)
CH3
CH3CH2CH2CH=O CH3CHCH=O
butanal methylpropanal
H2C=O CH3CH=O
methanal ethanal

10. Ketones: IUPAC nomenclature:
Parent = longest continuous carbon chain containing the carbonyl group. Alkane, drop –e, add –one. Prefix a locant for the position of the carbonyl using the principle of lower number.