1. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
A pathoanatomic approach to secondary functional mitral regurgitation: Evaluating the evidence 
Vinay Badhwar, MD, Mohamad Alkhouli, MD, Michael J. Mack, MD, Vinod H. Thourani, MD, Gorav Ailawadi, MD 
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 
DOI: /j.jtcvs
Copyright © 2019 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1
Pathoanatomic grades of severe secondary mitral regurgitation. Grade I = Mild-moderate annular dilation, ejection fraction >45%, minimal leaflet tethering (<5 mm). Grade II = Moderate-severe annular dilation, ejection fraction 35% to 45%, moderate leaflet tethering (5-10 mm). Grade III = Severe annular dilation, ejection fraction 25% to 35%, severe leaflet tethering (>10 mm). Grade IV = Severe annular dilation, ejection fraction <25% or inferobasilar dysfunction, severe leaflet tethering (>10 mm).
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery DOI: ( /j.jtcvs )
Copyright © 2019 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

3. Pathoanatomic grades of severe secondary mitral regurgitation.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery DOI: ( /j.jtcvs )
Copyright © 2019 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions