1. *Gas Laws* Kinetic Molecular Theory of Matter
All matter is made of tiny particles in constant motion
The state of matter is determined by the speed of the particles
Gas particles move the fastest
Gas does not have a fixed shape or volume
This means gases take the shape of their containers
and expand to fill their container

2. Physical Characteristics of Gases Physical Characteristics
Typical Units
Volume, V
liters (L)
Pressure, P
atmosphere
(1 atm = 1.015x105 N/m2)
Temperature, T
Kelvin (K)
Number of atoms or molecules, n
mole (1 mol = 6.022x1023 atoms or molecules)

3. “Father of Modern Chemistry” Chemist & Natural Philosopher
Boyle’s Law
Pressure and volume are inversely related at constant temperature.
As one goes up, the other goes down. Inversely proportional
“Father of Modern Chemistry”
Robert Boyle
Chemist & Natural Philosopher
Listmore, Ireland
January 25, 1627 – December 30, 1690

4. Boyle’s Law

5. Boyle’s Law

6. Boyle’s Bubbles Think of a scuba diver
As the diver exhales the bubbles rise to the surface, as they rise the bubble become bigger and bigger
** Temperature stays constant, as pressure decreases volume increases**

7. Jacques-Alexandre Charles Mathematician, Physicist, Inventor
Charles’ Law
Volume of a gas varies directly with the absolute temperature at constant pressure.
As one increases, the other increases. Proportional
Jacques-Alexandre Charles
Mathematician, Physicist, Inventor
Beaugency, France
November 12, 1746 – April 7, 1823

8. Charles’ Law

9. Charles’ Law

10. Chilly Charles Think of a balloon
If you take a helium balloon outside in cold weather, the balloon will begin to shrink
** Pressure stays constant, as temperature decreases volume decreases**