1. Photosynthesis
AP Biology

2. Photosynthesis the musical
Youtube
Light reactions search photosynthesis music episode1
Calvin cycle search episode 2

4. The Equation 6CO2 + 6H2O + light  C6H12O6 + 6O2 Chlorophyll required
Water both consumed & produced

9. Chloroplasts Site of photosynthesis Structure Double membrane
Thylakoids
Granum
(Stack of thylakoids)
Stroma

10. Chloroplasts Relating structure to function Thylakoid space
Allows for accumulation of H+
Segregates H+ from rest of organelle

11. Chloroplasts Relating structure to function Thylakoid membrane
Contains photosystems & ETC

12. Chloroplasts Relating structure to function Large number of thylakoids
Large surface area
Large number of ETC and photosystems

13. Chloroplasts Relating structure to function Inner membrane
Segregates chemical of Calvin-Benson cycle from cytosol

14. HOW PHOTOSYNTHESIS WORKS
Go to blog and get the details transferred into your notes – then we’ll talk!

16. Photosynthesis

20. Light Reactions

21. Light Reactions
Photosystem II captures light energy
P680

22. Light Reactions
Light energy passed to reaction center
P680

23. Light Reactions
2 e- boosted to higher energy state
P680

24. Light Reactions 2 e- passed through ETC to Photosystem I
H+ gradient created; ATP produced
ATP
P700
P680

25. Light Reactions Photosystem I captures light energy
Passes it to reaction center
ATP
P700
P680

26. Light Reactions e- from P700 boosted to higher energy state P700 P680
ATP
P700
P680

27. Light Reactions e- move through ETC e- accepted by NADP+ NADP+ P700
ATP
NADP+
P700
P680

28. Light Reactions
2e H+ + NADP+  NADPH
ATP
NADP+
NADPH
P700
P680

29. Light Reactions Water split e- from water replace lost e- from P680
O2 leaves
ATP
NADPH
H2O O2
P700 H+
P680

30. Time for music!!!

31. Calvin Cycle

33. Notes for Calvin Cycle Page

34. Calvin Cycle Rubisco fixes 6CO2 to 6RuBP (5-C)
RuBP = ribulose biphosphate
3PG (3-C) produced
3PG =
3-phosphoglycerate

35. Calvin Cycle 3PG converted to 12 G3P G3P = glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
12 ATP used
12 NADPH used

36. Calvin Cycle 2 G3P exit cycle & used to make glucose
Glucose used to make sugars & other carbohydrates

37. Calvin Cycle
10 G3P (3-C) used to make RuBP (5-C)
6 ATP used

38. Importance of Calvin Cycle
G3P (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate) can be converted to many other molecules
The hydrocarbon skeleton of G3P can form
Fatty acids and glycerol to make plant oils
Glucose phosphate (simple sugar)
Fructose (which with glucose = sucrose)
Starch and cellulose
Amino acids

41. C4 Photosynthesis In hot, dry climates In C4 plants
Stomata must close to avoid wilting
CO2 decreases and O2 increases
O2 starts combining with RuBP instead of CO2
Photorespiration, a problem solve in C4 plants
In C4 plants
Fix CO2 to PEP a C3 molecule
The result is oxaloacetate, a C4 molecule
In hot & dry climates
Avoid photorespiration
Net productivity about 2-3 times C3 plants
In cool, moist, can’t compete with C3

42. Chloroplast distribution in C4 vs. C3 Plants

43. CO2 Fixation in C4 vs. C3 Plants

44. CAM Photosynthesis Crassulacean-Acid Metabolism
CAM plants partition carbon fixation by time
During the night
CAM plants fix CO2
Forms C4 molecules,
Stored in large vacuoles
During daylight
NADPH and ATP are available
Stomata closed for water conservation
C4 molecules release CO2 to Calvin cycle

45. CO2 Fixation in a CAM Plant

46. Climatic Adaptation: Photosynthesis
Each method of photosynthesis has
advantages and disadvantages
Depends on the climate
C4 plants most adapted to:
high light intensities
high temperatures
Limited rainfall
C3 plants better adapted to
Cold (below 25C)
High moisture
CAM plants better adapted to extreme aridity
CAM occurs in 23 families of flowering plants
Also found among nonflowering plants

50. Review Flowering Plants Photosynthetic Pigments Photosynthesis
Light Reactions
Noncyclic
Cyclic
Carbon Fixation
Calvin Cycle Reactions C4
CAM