1. Optical Networking Services 1 Some slides and most of the graphics are taken from other slides Tal Lavian tlavian@eecs.berkeley.edu

2. Optical Networking Services 2 Research Direction The research topic that Im looking after is Applications and Services Infrastructure for Optical Networking What is a service composition and how we build a service? What building blocks are needed and how cooperating and brokering should work in optical infrastructure and among providers? A good starting point can be to look into some applications and pick few (2-3). We can look into the TeraGrid and SAN, and we should see how the dynamic behavior of emerging optical networking technologies could benefit the applications We need to look all the way from the problem, solution, application, architecture, services, and how this is implemented and what services are needed in each layer

3. Optical Networking Services3 Agenda lOptical Networking uThree networks: LAN, MAN and WAN Leading technologies: ASTN, Smart, ASON, MPLS, OE, lChallenges lService Solutions lKiller Applications lSummary

4. Optical Networking Services 6/12/2014 Slide: 4 Three networks in The Internet Long-Haul Core (WAN) Local Network (LAN) ASON Metro Core Backbone ASON PX Access OPE ASON OPE Metro Network (MAN)

5. Optical Networking Services 6/12/2014 Slide: 5 Management System Client Signaling Client Traffic OCC Optical Switch UNI OCC + 3. Applications (SA Servers) Service Agent (SA) UNI Proxy Signaling 2. Adds Layer for Service Management & Creation Service Activation Service Assurance Customer Care and Billing Service Control Policy Services Mesh Network Planner Mesh Optimizer Mesh Capacity Planner Tools Service- Ware Network Mgmt Fault Detection Fault Isolation Fault Correlation Monitoring MPLS path establishment NNI OSPF routing Optical Routing & Signaling Layer Topology discovery Inter-domain I/F OCC (IOC) Agile Optical Network ASON : End-to-End Dynamic Connectivity ls, OC-N, STS-N granularity Optical ASTN (Automatic Switch Transport Network)

6. Optical Networking ServicesSlide: 6 Optical Ethernet (OE) lGoal uEthernet Transport (L2) over Optical networks (L1) lBenefits uOptical agility and reliability uEthernet simplicity and efficiency uSeamless transport from LAN to MAN and to WAN RPR Standard (Resilient Packet Ring) Ring MAC protocol Ethernet over rings IEEE 802.17 OC-192 Ethernet IP 10GigE Standard GigE extension Ethernet over OC-192 IEEE 802.3ae

7. Optical Networking ServicesSlide: 7 Agenda lOptical Networking lChallenges uBandwidth provisioning uData transport uEnterprise Networks uQoS uNetwork Heterogeneity lService Solutions lKiller Applications lSummary

8. Optical Networking Services 6/12/2014 Slide: 8 OC-192 DWDM n x DS1 DS3 End UserAccessMetroCore Ethernet LAN LL/FR/ATM 1-40Meg OC-12 OC-48 OC-192 IP/DATA 1GigE 40G+ The Metro Bottleneck MetroAccess Other Sites 10G

9. Optical Networking ServicesSlide: 9 Challenge 1: Bandwidth Provisioning lNetwork congestion uLAN access to MAN lFibers in MAN and WAN uInsufficient use: <50% on lighting uInefficient use: wavelength under load lLack of mechanisms uDynamic setup uUser intelligence

10. Optical Networking ServicesSlide: 10 Challenge 2: Data Transport Connectivity Packet Switch ldata-optimized uEthernet uTCP/IP lNetwork use uLAN lAdvantages uEfficient uSimple uLow cost lDisadvantages uUnreliable Circuit Switch lVoice-oriented uSONET uATM lNetwork uses uMetro and Core lAdvantages uReliable lDisadvantages uComplicate uHigh cost Efficiency ? Reliability

11. Optical Networking ServicesSlide: 11 Challenge 3: Enterprise Networks lNetwork security uEncrypted communication uSelective routing lNetwork efficiency uFast transport uExtensible intranet and extranet uDynamical connection and route setup

12. Optical Networking ServicesSlide: 12 Challenge 4: QoS Guarantee lThe Internet has rapidly increasing bandwidth uWith the help of optical transport uWith high-speed router and switches lHowever, it does not provide server guarantee uThroughput uDelay uJitter uReliability uPriority

13. Optical Networking ServicesSlide: 13 Challenge 5: Network Heterogeneity lThe Internet is fragmented in structure uLAN, MAN and WAN in terms of area uActual domains operated by network service providers lNetwork Service providers uSupport a variety of L1-7 protocols uRealize data transport in their own ways uControl network by different methods and technologies lInterface problems uDevice interface: UNI, NNI uLayer-to-layer: IP QoS to Ethernet CoS uSwitching: Ethernet to MPLS, RPR to MPLS

14. Optical Networking ServicesSlide: 14 Agenda lOptical Networking lChallenges lService Solutions uOptics + Ethernet uSmart bandwidth uFlexible VPN uQoS uNetwork Coordination lKiller Applications lSummary

15. Optical Networking Services 6/12/2014 Slide: 15 O + E LAN Solution: Optics + Ethernet MAN ReliableFastSimple Optical Networks Huge bandwidth Fast and reliable Ethernet Transport Data efficiency Simple and scalable

16. Optical Networking ServicesSlide: 16 Core Backbone Service POP POP Customer A Customer Premise Virtual RPR Ring Scenario 1: City Network POP Core IOF Customers A, C Customer B Customer A, B Customer C Customers B, C RPR Ring

17. Optical Networking ServicesSlide: 17 RPR Ring Storage Service Provider FC SW Long Haul 10GigE Raid Controller OXC LAN Switch Servers OXC Router 10 To other SAN islands Users Public Network x x Gateway Router Scenario 2: Storage Area Network (SAN) 10 x

18. Optical Networking Services 6/12/2014 Slide: 18 Smart Bandwidth Bandwidth on Demand Schedulable bandwidth provisioning Tunable bandwidth allocation Dynamic optical links and wavelength establishment Load Balance Bandwidth fairness Traffic re-route Use differentiation Traffic: sources and destinations User: how much you pay, privilege Application: medical, science computing Content: video streaming, 3D games Base Technologies OE: RPR, 10GigE ASON MPLS/GMPLS Content networking

19. Optical Networking Services 6/12/2014 Slide: 19 Flexible VPN Protocol Identifier (0x8100) Priority (per 802.1p) VLAN_ID (12 bits) Ethernet Header Payload 802.1Q Tag OE Header TLS Tag Customer Ethernet Frame Various needs L1: Optical VPN L2: Ethernet 802.1Q VLAN L2: Ethernet Transparent LAN L2+: MPLS-based VPN L3: IP VPN L4+: Content VPN Intelligent Control VPN on demand Dynamic join/drop Route adjustment Use differentiation Enterprise: SBC, Sprint, AOL User group: discussion App content: games, video conference Base technologies ASON Ethernet MPLS/GMPLS IPVPN Content networking SP Ethernet Header MPLS Labels End-User Ethernet Frame LabelCoSTTL

20. Optical Networking Services 6/12/2014 Slide: 20 Coordination of Network Controls Mapping IP2OE: IP control to Optical Ethernet control OE2M: Optical Ethernet control to MPLS control NCIM: network interface mapping UNI NNI Use differentiation Network providers: carriers Service providers: ISP Base technologies IP ASON Ethernet MPLS/GMPLS

21. Optical Networking Services 6/12/2014 Slide: 21 QoS (Quality of Service) Mechanisms L1: wavelength protection L2: Ethernet CoS IEEE 801.p priority levels L2+: MPLS CoS L3: IP QoS Diffserv Intserv Use differentiation Network providers: carriers Service providers: ISP Applications Content Base technologies IP Intserv and Diffserv ASON Ethernet MPLS/GMPLS

22. Optical Networking Services 6/12/2014 Slide: 22 Agenda lOptical Networking lChallenges lService Solutions lKiller Applications lSummary

23. Optical Networking ServicesSlide: 23 Large-volume Data Exchange lOptical SAN lBackup on demand lDisaster Recovery uFast route to restore data after the disaster uAlternate routes to bypass the network in a disaster

24. Optical Networking Services 6/12/2014 Slide: 24 Content Networking lContent enabling extensions uContent VPN uContent Caching uContent Multicasting lApplication scenarios uVideo teleconferencing uVideo on demand uStreaming media

25. Optical Networking Services 6/12/2014 Slide: 25 Distributed Server Groups lServers grouped in the Internet uIn SAN, data storage servers uIn Web, HTTP servers uIn Media, A/V media streaming servers uIn Grid, supper computing servers lApplication scenarios uGlobal Load Balance Server load fair distributions uGrid Computing Media treatment: CT diagnoses CAD: fighter concurrent design

26. Optical Networking Services 6/12/2014 Slide: 26 Agenda lOptical Networking lChallenges lService Solutions lKiller Applications lSummary

27. Optical Networking Services 6/12/2014 Slide: 27 Summary lOptical transport brings abundant bandwidth lEfficient use of bandwidth becomes crucial lNetwork Services enable uUse network flexibly and transparently uAdd customized intelligence lKiller Applications night be OVPN or any other dynamic bandwidth provisioning

28. Optical Networking Services 6/12/2014 Slide: 28 Backup

29. Optical Networking Services 6/12/2014 Slide: 29 Resilient Packet Ring (RPR) lA winning combination u SONET/DWDM + Ethernet lRing MAC Protocol uPacket Add/Drop/Pass uEfficient Multicast/Broadcast lEffective Use of Bandwidth uSpatial re-use lRing Protection uFast and reliable layer 2 protection lTopology Discovery uConnectionless route discovery lControl Access Protocol uEnsures fair access to ring BW lClass of Service uIEEE 802.1p IEEE RPR

30. Optical Networking Services 6/12/2014 Slide: 30 10 Gigabit Ethernet (10-GigE) l An immediate extension of GigE from LAN to LAN and WAN u Same Ethernet MAC protocol u Same frame format with the same minimum and maximum size u Fiber-only l IEEE 802.3ae Standard l 10GEA: 10 GigE Alliance OC-192 Ethernet IP

31. Optical Networking Services 6/12/2014 Slide: 31 MPLS and Long-range VPNs Backbones MPLS/GMPLS VPN A VPN C VPN B VPN D VPN A VPN B VPN C VPN D PE CE P P P P CE - Customer Edge Device PE - Provider Edge Device P - Provider Internal Device CE SP Ethernet Header MPLS Labels End-User Ethernet Frame LabelCoSTTL MPLS/GMPLS is the emerging switching protocol in optical core networks Long-range VPNs can be established by MPLS labels