1. Section 2.2 Properties of Water Motion (Basic)
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2. Life depends on hydrogen bonds in water
Polar Molecules  molecules that have a slight positive region and a slight negative region
Hydrogen Bond  an attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom (often oxygen or nitrogen)

3. Properties Related to Hydrogen Bonds:
High Specific Heat - hydrogen bonds give water an abnormally high specific heat
This means that water resists changes in temperature
Water must absorb more heat energy in order to increase in temperature

4. Cohesion - the attraction among molecules of a substance
Cohesion from hydrogen bonds makes water molecules stick to each other
You can see this when water forms beads on a recently washed car
Cohesion also produces surface tension (how a spider stays on water without sinking)

5. Adhesion - the attraction among molecules of different substances
Water molecules like to stick to other things
Adhesion helps plants transport water from their roots to their leaves because water molecules stick to the sides of the vessels that carry water

6. Many compounds dissolve in water
Solution  a mixture of substances that is the same throughout (a homogenous mixture)
Solvent  the substance in a solution that dissolves the other substance
The substance that is present in the greater amount in a solution
Solute  the substance in a solution that is dissolved
The substance that is present in the lesser amount in a solution

8. pH and pH Scale
Strength of acid or base is measured on pH scale
Measures excess H+ ions in a solution
pH scale runs from 0-14 with pH=7 being neutral
Pure water is Neutral pH of 7
Blood pH=7.4
Acid have pH below Bases have pH above 7

9. Some compounds for acids and bases
Acid  a compound that releases a proton (H+) when it is dissolved in water. It increases the concentration of H+ in a solution. Lower on the pH scale (0 – 6.9)
Neutral  a compound that releases an equal amount of H+ and OH- . Located at 7 on the pH scale.
Base  a compound that removes H+ from a solution (has more OH-). Higher on the pH scale (7.1 – 14)