1. Bellwork 1. What do you remember about the difference between homogeneous mixtures and heterogeneous mixtures?

2. 2. A mixture is a combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined and that can be separated.
Could you give me an example?
3. A homogeneous mixture is uniform in appearance
Example: Kool-aid, chocolate milk
4. A heterogeneous mixture consists of visibly different substances
Example: sand water, salad dressing

3. 5. Solutions are a group of molecules that are mixed up in a completely even distribution.
Chocolate
milk
Carbonated
water
Alloys

4. 6. There are two parts in a solution.
a. The solute is the substance that is dissolved.
Ex: Salt, Sugar, Kool-aid powder!
b. The solvent is the substance that is DOING the dissolving.
Ex: water

5. Solubility
7. Solubility is the ability of the solvent to dissolve the solute.
a. What factors affect solubility?
Temperature
Pressure
Structure of
the substance

6. 8. Describing solubility and solutions
a. Miscible:
when 2 liquids dissolve
(ex: alcohol and water)
b. Immiscible:
when 2 liquids DO NOT dissolve (ex: oil and water)

7. 9. We can also classify solutions based on amount of solute.
a. Unsaturated solutions 
have less than the maximum amount of solute dissolved in them. (This means that more solute could be added and the solute would still dissolve!)
b. Saturated solutions 
have the maximum amount of solute dissolved in them. No more can be made to dissolve.
c. Supersaturated solutions 
have more than the maximum amount of solute dissolved in them. This is not possible for all solutions!

8. Saturated
Unsaturated
Supersaturated

9. Complete the following directed reading independently, using your notes and your book!

10. They are everywhere.. In your food In your house EVEN IN YOU!!!!!
Acids & Bases
They are everywhere..
In your food
In your house
EVEN IN YOU!!!!!

11. The Chemistry of Acids and Bases
To play the movies and simulations included, view the presentation in Slide Show Mode.

12. Acid and Bases

13. Acid and Bases

14. Acid and Bases

15. What is an acid?
An acid is a solution that has an excess of H+ ions. It comes from the Latin word acidus that means "sharp" or "sour".
The more H + ions, the more acidic the solution.

16. Properties of an Acid Tastes Sour Conduct Electricity
Corrosive, which means they break down certain substances. Many acids can corrode fabric, skin and paper
Some acids react strongly with metals – Tomatoes turn Aluminum foil black.
Turns blue litmus paper red
Picture from BBC Revision Bites

17. Uses of Acids Acetic Acid = Vinegar
Citric Acid = lemons, limes, & oranges. It is in many sour candies such as lemonhead & sour patch.
Ascorbic acid = Vitamin C which your body needs to function.
Sulfuric acid is used in the production of fertilizers, steel, paints, and plastics.
Car batteries

18. What is a base? A base is a solution that has an excess of OH- ions.
Another word for base is alkali.

19. Properties of a Base Feel Slippery Taste Bitter Corrosive
Can conduct electricity. (Think alkaline batteries.)
Do not react with metals.
Turns red litmus paper blue.

20. Uses of Bases
Bases give soaps, ammonia, and many other cleaning products some of their useful properties.
The OH- ions interact strongly with certain substances, such as dirt and grease.
Chalk and oven cleaner are examples of familiar products that contain bases.
Your blood is a basic solution.

21. pH Scale pH means “potential hydrogen”
pH is a measure of how acidic or basic a solution is.
The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14.
Acidic solutions have pH values below 7
A solution with a pH of 0 is very acidic.
A solution with a pH of 7 is neutral.
Pure water has a pH of 7.
Basic solutions have pH values above 7.