1. Are we done yet? Answer: Almost.
Cells
Are we done yet?
Answer: Almost.

2. What do we need DNA for?
DNA is the genetic material which organises all cell processes.
DNA is a code which contains all the information to build proteins to make different cells perform different functions.
All the cells in an organism’s body (except sex cells) contain the same DNA….
…..BUT …. each cell only “turns on” the information which relates to its job.

3. Genome is like a set of Recipe Encyclopaedias
G AC T
DNA is the letters.
Codons are words.
Gene is a recipe.
Chromosome is a volume.
Genome is the whole set.
cat
1. Gag a Gaga
cat.

4. Genome is like a set of Recipe Encyclopaedias
DNA is the letters.
Codons are words.
Gene is a recipe.
Chromosome is a volume.
Genome is the whole set.
GATTATCGGAGTGCGATG
GAT TAT CGG AGT GCG ATG
A enzyme to make digestion faster
A enzyme to make digestion faster; A protein which makes cell blue; A muscle cell; A neuron; A growth hormone

5. So what is DNA? DNA is deoxyribonucleic acid. No oxygen Ribose = sugar
In the
nucleus
Is acidic
(phosphate ion)

6. Nucleotides This is a nucleotide:
It has three parts: a phosphate, a sugar and a base.
Cut out your nucleotides and make groups with people with different coloured nucleotides.
Put rubbish in the bin now!

7. Nucleotides Which parts are the same? Which part is different?
What are the different types of that part?
As a group, fit your pieces together.
Where do they connect?
Which bases pair together?
Write down the pattern of bases on one side of your DNA. Without looking at your DNA, fill in their matching bases. Did you get it right?

8. GC Bases AT Straight vs. Curvy
Adenine and Thymine are bonded with two hydrogen bonds.
Guanine and Cytosine are bonded with three.
Copy this code into your book:
AAC TAG CAT TTG CGC ATC
Now write the corresponding bases underneath:
TTG ATC GTA AAC GCG TAG

9. DNA Structure DNA is like a ladder5’ 4’ 1’
DNA is like a ladder
It has a strong alternating sugar-phosphate backbone to form the sides.
The sugars are held together by the phosphate groups connecting the 3’ and 5’ carbons.
It has complementary bases as rungs. These are attracted to each other by weak hydrogen bonds. 3’ 2’

10. Double Helix
Most of the time, DNA is coiled into a double helix – like two waterslides curling around each other.
Why?

11. New Vocabulary DNA Cytosine Nucleotide Phosphate Nitrogenous base
Deoxyribose sugar
Adenine
Double helix
Thymine
Genome
Guanine
Chromosome