1. The Universe
STARS

2. Important facts about stars
Object in space that gives off its own light
All sizes
Closest star to Earth is the Sun
Sun is 1,392,000 km in diameter
Giant stars are x larger than the Sun
White Dwarfs are smaller than Earth
Neutron stars could be as small as your community
What they are made of, How they form, what we use to study them, how they move

3. Composition of Stars ( what they are made of)
Made up of 2 gases
Hydrogen (H) and Helium(He)
Gases burn different colors
Scientist determine what gas the star is made of by the color that it burns.
Red and yellow colors have cooler temperatures
Blue and white are HOT

4. Spectroscope Instrument used to study stars
Spectrum- band of color produced when white light passes through a prism
Scientist/Astronomers use information from the spectroscope to determine the star’s composition(what it’s made of) and its temperature.

5. Main Sequence Stars 90% of Stars that are:
hot, blue or white, bright stars
average temp, yellow stars (Sun)
cool, red or orange, dim stars

6. How Stars Form
NEBULA – stars begin as a large cloud of gas and dust. As the particles move closer together, temperatures rise, and light and heat are released the star is born. F

7. Star’s Motion
Stars appear to move across the sky is due to Earth’s rotation
Stars do move in space, however, because of the distance from Earth we can’t see their movement

8. History of Constellations
Most constellations have Greek or Roman names
The Greeks adopted their system from the Babylonians who may have gotten the system from the Sumerians 3,000 years earlier
Cave paintings from 17,000 years ago show the Pleiades and Hyades star clusters making it the first star map

9. 88 Main Constellations
In 1929 the IAU, International Astronomical Union decided on the boundaries of 88 constellations to help astronomers communicate about the areas of the sky they are studying

10. Constellations and Zodiac signs

11. Review
Know what kind of test you are taking and what resources you will have
Review your notes
Make sure you understand the content
Underline
Highlight
What are the possible essay questions the teacher might ask?

12. REVIEW THE CONTENT! ADD IMPORTANT INFORMATION TO YOUR NOTES 2 more vocabulary words Luminosity Magnitude

13. Our Universe
Planetary Systems

14. Planetary Systems
Planet- is a large ball-shaped object that moves around a star in a fixed path.
Planets , unlike stars, do not give off their own light and heat.
Solar System- The 8 planets that revolve around our star,the sun.
Planetary Systems- A star and its planets
There are many planetary systems, but do any of these systems contain planets similar to Earth?

15. Galaxies:
a huge family of stars, gas, and dust held together by gravity.
Galaxies have 3 main shapes
Spiral Galaxies – have a thick bunch of stars in the middle surrounded by stars arranged in spiral arms.

16. Elliptical Galaxies – shaped like balls or flat discs
Elliptical Galaxies – shaped like balls or flat discs. Many are football shaped, but some are round.
Round shape
Football shaped

17. Irregular Galaxies – includes most of those galaxies that don’t fit into the other categories. They have many different shapes and are smaller than the spiral and elliptical galaxies.

18. Milky Way Galaxy Spiral shaped galaxy
Is the galaxy that you and I live in.
Our sun is only one star out of one trillion in our galaxy.
The stars you can see at night are part of the Milky Way Galaxy.

19. Black Holes
A region of space in which gravity is so strong that nothing can escape its pull.
It is called black because even light is pulled by its gravity.
It is a hole because it is an area into which things seem to disappear.
It is a one way street, which objects travel inward, but nothing comes back out!
QUESTION I f you can’t see it how do scientist know it exists?

20. Beyond the Galaxies
Quasars -are powerful, active galaxies far beyond our own.
Quasars are some of the most distant objects humans have ever seen in space.
Intergalactic Matter- Materials in space that are not part of galaxies.
These areas are believed to contain extremely cold, dustlike materials.

21. Solar System

22. Earth’s Moon The moon is a natural satellite of a planet.
A satellite moves around another object in a fixed path, or orbit.

23. Moon’s Size The moon is 384,00o km from Earth.
It looks much larger than any of the planets. It is actually smaller than any planet.
It looks same size as the sun but is 400 times smaller
than the sun.
The moon is 384,00o km from Earth.

24. Baseball Activity
Hold a baseball at arms length. Hold a penny straight up and down between your thumb and pointer finger of your other hand.
Close one eye.
Move the penny nearer and farther between your open eye and the baseball.
At a certain distance near your eye, the penny will look like it completely covers the larger baseball.
The closer an object is to you the larger it will appear.

25. Other Objects of the Solar System
Asteroid is a large chunk of rock that orbits the sun.
-Largest is 600 km in diameter.
-Most asteroids orbit in an area called the
asteroid belt located between Mars and Jupiter.

26. Some orbit again and again, while others make one trip around the sun and then head out into space never to return.
Comets
Small clumps of rocks, dust, and ice that glow and form tails as they near the sun.

27. Earth’s atmosphere and hits the ground.
Meteoroids
Meteoroids are small rocky bodies that are similar to asteroids but are much smaller.
Meteorite is a meteoroid that enters
Earth’s atmosphere and hits the ground.

28. Why do all these objects orbit the sun?
All of these objects are attracted to the sun by its gravitational pull.

29. Order of the Planets
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.
An easy mnemonic for remembering the order is “My Very Educated Mother Just Served Us Noodles.”

30. Planets in Order of Size
Jupiter (69,911 km / 43,441 miles) – 1,120% the size of Earth
Saturn (58,232 km / 36,184 miles) – 945% the size of Earth
Uranus (25,362 km / 15,759 miles) – 400% the size of Earth
Neptune (24,622 km / 15,299 miles) – 388% the size of Earth
Earth (6,371 km / 3,959 miles)
Venus (6,052 km / 3,761 miles) – 95% the size of Earth
Mars (3,390 km / 2,460 miles) – 53% the size of Earth
Mercury (2,440 km / 1,516 miles) – 38% the size of Earth

31. Distance Between Planets
From TO AU
Miles
Hours
Days
Earth
Mars
0.52
48,678,219
6240
260
Jupiter
4.2
390,674,710
52,560
2190
Saturn
8.52
792,248,270
Uranus
18.21
1,692,662,530
Neptune
29.09
2,703,959,960