1. Chapter Six: Cell Processes
6.1 The Structure and Function of the Cell Membrane
6.2 Cells and Energy

2. Investigation 6A Diffusion and Osmosis
How does water move into and out of a cell?

3. 6.1 The Structure and Function of the Cell Membrane
The cell membrane has many functions.
protection
obtaining food
ridding wastes
communication
interaction with other cells
A soap bubble is like a cell membrane.

5. 6.1 The Structure and Function of the Cell Membrane
The cell membrane is made of several types of molecules.

6. 6.1 Diffusion
Molecules move across the cell membrane by a process called diffusion.
Diffusion is the movement of molecules from areas of greater concentration to areas of lesser concentration.

7. 6.1 Diffusion
Molecules move into or out of the cell until there is an equal number on both sides of the cell membrane.

8. 6.1 Diffusion
Water molecules are small enough to pass through the cell membrane by diffusion.
Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane.

10. 6.1 Other types of transport
Larger molecules like sugars, starches, and proteins sometimes diffuse through protein channels.

11. 6.1 Active transport
Active transport is a process that allows molecules to move across the cell membrane from lower to higher concentrations.
To do this requires energy.

12. 6.1 Other types of transport
A cell can take in large particles of food by “engulfing” them.

13. 6.1 Why are cells so small?
To understand why the volume of a cell increases faster than its surface area, let’s imagine a perfectly square cell.

14. 6.1 Why are cells so small?
Which cell type has a higher volume to surface area ratio?

15. Research Connection Amazing Cells
So how do stem cells change into other types of cells?
Scientists are studying this problem.