1. Title of notes: Mutations p. 18 RS

2. I can describe how a protein is synthesized.
Learning target
I can describe how a protein is synthesized.
Today I am…
Actively engaged in lecture of protein synthesis.
So that I’ll be able to…
understand how important protein synthesis is to life.
I’ll know I’ve got it when…
Complete all notes and homework.

3. Mutations The source of variation in a genetic sequence.
Can be either gene or chromosomal mutations.
Point mutations = a change in a single nucleotide in a sequence of DNA.

4. MUTATIONS
Chromosomal Mutations involve changes in the number or structure of the chromosome – often cause severe effects
Deletion – loss of all or part of chromosome
Duplication – extra copies of part of chromosome are created
Inversion – reverse
direction of part of
chromosome
Translocation – part
of chromosome
breaks off and attaches
to another
Deletion
Duplication
Inversion
Translocation

5. 12-4 MUTATIONS
Mutations are mistakes or changes in the DNA during DNA replication or cell division
Gene Mutations involve changes in individual genes
Point Mutations are changes in one or a few nucleotides either by substitutions, insertions or deletions
Substitutions usually only effect one amino acid – sometimes there is little if any effect on protein
Frameshift Mutations involve an insertion or deletion which causes the “reading frame” to be shifted along the entire sequence following the mutation – can cause a greater effect on the protein

6. POINT MUTATIONS
Substitutions

7. Frameshift Mutation
Inserting an extra nucleotide which, in turn, shifts the entire sequence one way or the other.

8. Significance of MUTATIONS
Most have little or no effect on organism
Harmful mutations cause a variety of genetic disorders
Beneficial mutations include increasing genetic diversity and making stronger, larger crop plants (polyploidy – an organism with extra sets of chromosomes)

9. Write 2 facts in your notebook from the reading. Number the facts
MUTATIONS Pg
Write 2 facts in your notebook from the reading. Number the facts

10. We will also review the video in class.
Mutations Video
Watch the video and fill out the video worksheet
We will also review the video in class.