1. KEY CONCEPT Darwin’s voyage provided insight on evolution.

2. Darwin observed differences among island species.
Variation is a difference in a physical trait.
Galápagos tortoises live in areas with tall plants and have long necks and legs. Domed tortoises feed on short plants and have short legs and necks
Galápagos finches that live in areas with hard-shelled nuts have strong beaks. Finches with delicate beaks are found where insects or fruits are eaten.

3. An adaptations is a feature that allow an organism to better survive in its environment.
Species are able to adapt to their environment.
Adaptations can lead to genetic change in a population.

4. Darwin observed fossil and geologic evidence supporting an ancient Earth.
Darwin found fossils of extinct animals that resemble modern animals.
Darwin found fossil shells high up in the Andes mountains.

5. After an earthquake, he saw land move from underwater to above sea level (showing that daily geologic processes can add up to a large change over time).
Darwin extended his observations to the evolution of organisms.

6. 10.3 Theory of Natural Selection
KEY CONCEPT Darwin proposed natural selection as a mechanism for evolution.

7. Several key insights led to Darwin’s idea for natural selection.
10.3 Theory of Natural Selection
Several key insights led to Darwin’s idea for natural selection.
Darwin noticed a lot of variation in domesticated plants and animals.
Artificial selection is the process by which humans change a species by breeding it for certain traits.
neck feathers
crop
tail feathers

8. 10.3 Theory of Natural Selection
Heritability is the ability of a trait to be passed down.
There is a struggle for survival due to overpopulation and limited resources
Natural selection is a mechanism by which individuals that have inherited beneficial adaptations produce more offspring on average than do other individuals.
Darwin proposed that adaptations arose over many generations.

9. Natural selection explains how evolution can occur.
10.3 Theory of Natural Selection
Natural selection explains how evolution can occur.
There are four main principles to the theory of natural selection.
Variation- heritable differences exist in every population
overproduction- having many offspring increases the chance of survival but creates competition for resources
adaptation- certain variation that allows an individual to survive better than others
descent with modification- more individuals will have the traits each next generation as long as it is beneficial
Fitness is the measure of survival ability and ability to produce more offspring.

10. VARIATION
OVERPRODUCTION
ADAPTATION

11. Natural selection acts on existing variation.
10.3 Theory of Natural Selection
Natural selection acts on existing variation.
Natural selection can act only on traits that already exist.
Structures take on new functions in addition to their original function.
wrist bone
five digits