1. Parenthetical Citations
Generally, a parenthetical citation includes the author’s last name and the page number(s) of the information used.
DIRECT QUOTE:
According to Smith, “graduation rates for female college students are increasing rapidly when compared to those of male college students” (158).
PARAPHRASING:
Graduation rates for female college students are rising faster than those of male college students (Smith 158).
PARAPHRASING USING AUTHOR’S NAME IN SENTENCE:
Smith writes that rates for graduating female college students are higher than rates for graduating male college students (158).