2. NAMING FUNCTIONAL GROUPS

3. Functional Groups that have a prefix
Branched alkanes
See hydrocarbons notes

4. Haloalkanes Name the longest carbon chain
Give a prefix for the halogen:
Flouro
Chloro
Bromo
Iodo
Number the location of the halogen so that it has lowest # possible
If more than one halogen, use di/tri prefix

5. Functional Groups that have a different ending than -ane
Alkenes/Alkynes
Find longest carbon chain
Add –ene for a double bond ending or –yne for a triple bond
Number the location of the double bonds so it has lowest # possible

6. Alcohols
Name longest chain
Use ending –anol
Number carbons to figure out what carbon the –OH group is on
Number can go at the front or right before ending. The latter is often used when there is more than one functional group on a molecule

7. R-Group is a carbon group
Classification
R-Group is a carbon group
Locate the carbon to which the functional group is attached
primary 1 - attached to 1 R group (at the end of a carbon chain)
secondary 2 - attached to 2 R groups (at a branch of a carbon chain)
tertiary 3 - attached to 3 R groups

8. Carboxylic Acids
Name longest chain
Use ending –anoic acid

9. Aldehydes/Ketones Name longest chain If carbonyl (C=O) is
on the end: Use ending –anal
no number needed unless higher priority functional group is on molecule
in the middle: Use ending -anone
Number carbons to figure out what carbon the C=O group is on
Number can go at the front or right before ending. The latter is often used when there is more than one functional group on a molecule
CH3
ethanal

10. Amines
Name longest carbon chain
Add –anamine ending
If more than one chain attached to N, use branching rules as with alkanes but use N instead of number of carbon to show alkyl group is attached to nitrogen.

11. Amines
Name longest carbon chain
Add –anamine ending
If more than one chain attached to N, use branching rules as with alkanes but use N instead of number of carbon to show alkyl group is attached to nitrogen.

12. Amines
Name longest carbon chain
Add –anamine ending
If more than one chain attached to N, use branching rules as with alkanes but use N instead of number of carbon to show alkyl group is attached to nitrogen.

13. Amines
Name longest carbon chain
Add –anamine ending
If more than one chain attached to N, use branching rules as with alkanes but use N instead of number of carbon to show alkyl group is attached to nitrogen.

14. Amides
Name longest carbon chain
Add –anamide ending
If Nitrogen has substituents, use “N-(substituent)” name and add as prefix

15. Amides
Name longest carbon chain
Add –anamide ending
If Nitrogen has substituents, use “N-(substituent)” name and add as prefix

16. Amides
Name longest carbon chain
Add –anamide ending
If Nitrogen has substituents, use “N-(substituent)” name and add as prefix

17. Esters
Count number of carbons in chain attached to carbonyl (C=O) including carbonyl’s carbon
Add –anoate ending
Name alkyl group attached to O and add as prefix

18. Esters
Count number of carbons in chain attached to carbonyl (C=O) including carbonyl’s carbon
Add –anoate ending
Name alkyl group attached to O and add as prefix

19. Esters
Count number of carbons in chain attached to carbonyl (C=O) including carbonyl’s carbon
Add –anoate ending
Name alkyl group attached to O and add as prefix

20. Esters
Count number of carbons in chain attached to carbonyl (C=O) including carbonyl’s carbon
Add –anoate ending
Name alkyl group attached to O and add as prefix

23. Ethanoic acid

24. Ethanoic acid
Ethanol

25. Ethanoic acid
Ethanol
Ethyl Ethanoate

26. Ethanoic acid
Ethanol
Ethyl Ethanoate
Water

27. CONDENSATION REACTION!!!!!!!!
Ethanoic acid
Ethanol
Ethyl Ethanoate
Water
CONDENSATION REACTION!!!!!!!!

28. In the first step, the ethanoic acid takes a proton (a hydrogen ion) from the concentrated sulphuric acid. The proton becomes attached to one of the lone pairs on the oxygen which is double-bonded to the carbon
The transfer of the proton to the oxygen gives it a positive charge, but it is actually misleading to draw the structure in this way (although nearly everybody does!).