1.
xNrZ0

2. 1.In 1553, Portuguese sailors released goats to graze on the grasses on the island of St. Helena in the South
Atlantic in order to serve as a food source for sailors on passing ships. A few years later goats were plentiful, but many of the native plants and animals no longer inhabited the island. Which of the following is the most likely cause for the disappearance of the plants and animals?
A. The goats fed on the other plants and animals.
B. Sailors more frequently visited the island for food and destroyed the vegetation.
C. The goats brought diseases to the island that killed the native plants and animals.
D. The goats had no natural predators on the island, so they reproduced rapidly and overgrazed.
Bell Ringer (W.A.R)

3. LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
biome
group of organs working together
group of different kinds of tissues working together
one individual living thing
all interacting populations in an ecosystem
large region with typical plants and animals that includes several ecosystems
all living and nonliving things interacting within a certain area
all organisms of the same kind living in one area
group of similar cells organized to work together
smallest unit of living things
ecosystem
community
population
organism
organ system
organ
Population Dynamics
tissue
cell

4. A population is a group of similar organisms,
Limiting factors- are environmental conditions that limit the growth, abundance, or distribution of an organism or a population of organisms in an ecosystem.
A population is a group
of similar organisms,

5. Limiting Factors for the marine environment are?
Light
Nutrients
Oxygen
Temperature
Phytoplankton
A.K.A. Euphotic zone
Depth increase:
Temperature- __________
Pressure- _____________
# of Organisms- _________
Aphotic Zone

6. World Population Clock

9. POPULATION DYNAMICS . 7 billion & Counting
What are the factors that effect population growth?
What are some of the effects that overpopulation have on an environment?
Examine the claims made in this video.

10. Population Pyramids Show Growth Rates.

11. Rapid Growth
Slow Growth
Population Pyramids

12. SC.912.L.17.5 Organisms, Populations, and Ecosystems
Analyze how population size is determined by births, deaths, immigration, emigration, and limiting factors (biotic and abiotic) that determine carrying capacity.

13. Carrying Capacity
maximum population size of the species that the environment can sustain indefinitely.

15. Population Growth Three factors can affect population size:
the number of births
the number of deaths
The number of individuals that-
Enter IN (immigration)
Exit (emigration)
A population can grow when its birthrate is greater than its death rate. BR>DR

16. In Nature

17. - = Change in Population Death Rate Birth Rate + + Emigration
Immigration
Death Rate +
Emigration - =

18. Logistic or Exponential Growth Curve?
Can you think of something in nature that exhibits exponential growth? Logistic growth?
“Boom then Stable”
“Boom and Bust”
Population will follow two general paths:
When faced with
unlimited resources
it will grow
exponentially
limited resources it
grow logistically
S curve
J curve

19. Exponential growth of bacteria
Which Letter ?
E.COLI
J-shaped curve.

20. Logistic Growth As resources become less available, the growth of a population slows or stops. Logistic growth occurs when a population's growth slows or stops following a period of exponential growth.
Which Letter ?
S-shaped curve.

21. Environmental resistance
Population size (N)
Time (t)
Carrying capacity (K)
Environmental resistance
Biotic
potential
Exponential
growth

22. Growth of a population of sheep
What is the carrying capacity of sheep?

23. Essential Questions: EQ
How does a population differ from a community?
- A population is made of a group of individuals and community of all the individuals.
Describe one factor that can influence a change in population size.
Death- lowers population
Emigration- lowers population
Birth- increases population size.
Immigration increases population size.

24. Video
Limiting Factors

25. 1. The size of the human population began to increase exponentially after the
A. bubonic plague.
B. development of plowing and irrigation.
C. Industrial Revolution.
D. development of the first cities.

26. 2. When the birthrate of a population exceeds its death rate, the population
A. decreases.
B. Increases.
C. stays the same.
D. increases then decreases.

27. 3. When an environment has reached its carrying capacity for a certain population, which of the following is true?
A. Growth and immigration rate is equal to death and emigration rate.
B. Growth and immigration rate is greater than death and emigration rate.
C. Growth and immigration rate is less than death and emigration rate.
D. Growth rate is exponential.

28. 4. Exponential growth in a population slows down or stops as
A. resources become limited.
B. rate of immigration increases.
C. of emigration decreases.
D. birth rate increases.

29. 5. Data on the immigration and emigration of a fish species would be most helpful in determining which of the following?
A. biological magnification
B. interspecies competition
C. population of the species
D. predator-prey relationships

30. 6. The graph of a population of deer is shown below.
What can be concluded from this graph?
a. the deer population grew exponentially
b. the deer population grew at a constant rate
c. the deer population reached its carrying capacity
d. the deer population will never reach a carrying
capacity

31. 7. A population of rabbits experiences a large increase over time
7 .A population of rabbits experiences a large increase over time. One researcher claims that this is because the number of gardens near the woods has increased. Which statement is a valid alternative explanation of the population increase?
A. Another species of rabbit has been introduced into the area.
B. The population has reached the carrying capacity of the area.
C. A conservation group has released a mated pair of hawks in the area.
D. The passage of a leash law has kept predatory dogs from roaming freely.

32. 8. As the human population rises, the demand for popular fish, like tuna, in grocery stores and restaurants has also gone up. Many people enjoy eating these types of fish. How might increasing the number of tuna caught affect the tuna fishery over the long term?
A. The tuna population may decrease, but then rebound after the tuna adapt.
B. The tuna population as a whole may decrease, but the demand for tuna will also decrease.
C. The tuna population may decrease; therefore, fishing restrictions will need to be implemented.
D. The tuna population as a whole may decrease, but individuals may be larger due to less competition.

33. 9. The pH of the water in several lakes in Norway and Sweden had decreased to below 5.0 due to an increase in acid rain. Which of the following is most likely to happen in these lakes?
A. the decline of several fish populations.
B. an increase in numbers of fish
C. an increase in the amount of primary producers
D. increased predator-prey relationships

34. 10. Which environmental factor would cause the greatest
Decrease in the number of species of plants and animals living in some of the lakes in the United States?
A. increase in dissolved oxygen levels
B. global warming
C. ozone destruction
D. acid rain

36. A. Mice will fill a different niche in the ecosystem.
1. An unusually warm spring leads to an increase in the number of mice in a fertile valley. One result of this population explosion is the loss of farmers’ crops due to consumption by the mice. What would be another likely result of the population increase of the mice?
A. Mice will fill a different niche in the ecosystem.
B. The following year the spring will be warm again.
C. Birds of prey that eat mice will become more numerous.
D. Animals that compete with mice will adapt to find new niches.
Bell Ringer (W.A.R)

37. Carrying Capacity
What does this
picture represent?

38. Limiting Factors What factors limit population growth?
- limits the growth or development of an organism or a population.

39. 1. Which limiting factor is shown in the chart below. 2
1. Which limiting factor is shown in the chart below? 2. What are the optimal temperatures for each of the 3 fish? 3. Predict the effect global warming might have on the rainbow trout species existence .

40. Limiting Factors
a limiting factor can be a (abiotic or biotic) factor

41. Describe some limiting factors for plants?
Water, sunlight, temperature, nutrients , space.

42. * Which of the following is a limiting factor in a population of organisms.
A. reproductive replacement
B. life spans of the members
C. fluctuations in atmospheric temperature
D. availability of food

43. Euphotic Zone Depth & Pop. #’s Depth & Pressure phytoplankton Review
What are limiting factors in the ocean?
Euphotic Zone
phytoplankton
What are limiting factors in the ocean? Light , depth, temperature
Aphotic Zone
Depth & Pop. #’s
Depth & Pressure
Review

44. A. The ocean floor contains many decomposers.
* Why are there so few aquatic plants and phytoplankton that live at the bottom zones in the ocean?
A. The ocean floor contains many decomposers.
B. Most sunlight is absorbed before reaching these levels.
C. Water is a limiting factor.
D. The temperature in these zones is extremely low.
B. Most sunlight is absorbed before reaching these levels.
Plants and phytoplankton are primary producers that rely on the sun to carry out photosynthesis. The bottom zones of the ocean have little to no light.

45. Density Dependent Limiting Factors
Any factor limiting the size of a population whose effect is dependent on the number of individuals in the population.
For example, disease will have a greater effect in limiting the growth of a large population, since overcrowding facilitates its spread.
Examples:
Competition
Predation
Food & Water Shelter
Parasitism
Disease
What are some limiting factors that would impact alligators?

46. These can become limiting factors
Competition
When populations become crowded, organisms compete for food, water space, sunlight and other essentials.
These can become limiting factors

47. Density-Dependent Factors
Predation
Populations in nature are often controlled by predation.
Aphid

48. Density-independent factors are environmental factors affecting a population regardless of size, such as temperature and oxygen supply.
One Density-independent factors would be the impacts of an earthquake on a pack of wild dogs.
The number of dogs does not affect the result of the earthquake upon the dog population.

49. Density-Independent Factors
Examples of density-independent limiting factors include:
unusual weather
natural disasters
seasonal cycles
certain human activities—such as damming rivers and clear-cutting forests

50. Human intervention or action may change an ecosystem….
Special Notes
Human intervention or action may change an ecosystem….

51. DENSITY Independent (DI) or Dependent (DD)
Population
SIZE DOESN’T MATTER
Population
SIZE MATTERS
Choose DD or DI on the next several slides…

52. DD
Bears feeding on salmon.

53. DI
Natural Disasters.

54. DD
Number of fish in a lagoon.

55. DI
Flooded trees near a river bank.

56. DI
A drought in a river in California’s fish population.

57. DD
Sick diseases pigs due to overcrowding.

58. DD
Owl catching a mouse.

59. DI
Death of a deer due to freezing.

60. Essential Questions:
1.Distinguish between abiotic and ibiotic limiting factors ?
Abiotic- Non Living.
Biotic – Living
2. Identify 3 limiting factors that affect deer and identify if it is ABIOTIC or BIOTIC.
Water---- ABIOTIC
Food---- BIOTIC
Shelter----- ABIOTIC
Freezing Winter- ABIOTIC

61. Let’s Play “OH DEER”!

62. 1. Which of the following would be
a limiting factor affecting the
panda population of China?
A. programs that educate people about endangered species
B. capture of some pandas for placement in zoos
C. laws protecting habitat destruction
D. a disease that kills bamboo plants

63. 2. Within a limited area, if the population of a predator increases, the population of its prey is likely to
A. increase.
B. decrease.
C. remain about the same.
D. become extinct.

64. 3. Which of the following is a density-independent factor affecting populations?
A. predation
B. disease
C. a destructive hurricane
D. parasites

65. 4. How does the predator-prey relationship affect a population?
A. The predators and prey are in competition with each other.
B. Usually either the predator or the prey will become extinct.
C. The predator species usually has exponential growth.
D. The relationship controls the population size of both species.

66. 5. The number of pythons found throughout Everglades National Park has increased in recent years. These huge snakes are not native to Florida and are believed to have been released into the wild by pet owners. Wildlife biologists have initiated attempts to capture and remove these pythons. Which statement best explains the biologists' reasons for removing these pythons from the Everglades?
A. The pythons could upset the territorial boundaries of native organisms.
B. The pythons could adapt to overcome diseases common to native snakes.
C. The pythons could prey on native organisms and cause native population to decline.
D. The pythons could begin to interbreed with native snakes and produce a more successful species.

67. 6. The common brush tail possum is a marsupial native to Australia
6. The common brush tail possum is a marsupial native to Australia. This possum was introduced to New Zealand where it had no natural predators and had an abundant food supply. Which of these likely occurred a few years after the introduction of this possum to New Zealand?
A. The possums became extinct.
B. The possums developed shorter life spans.
C. The possum population grew to a larger size.
D. The possum population evolved into a different species

68. Many  insects,  such  as  mosquitoes  and  dragonflies,  
spend  their  juvenile  stage  as  aquatic  larvae  before
 becoming  winged  and  airborne  adults.  Most  years,  
these  insects  are  extremely  abundant  in  the  Arctic  
tundra  in  summer.  What  might  account  for  this?
 Adult  insects  spend  the  long  Arctic  winter  laying  
thousands  of  eggs  under  the  ice  of  frozen  ponds.  
B.  Many  insects  migrate  long  distances  to  take  
advantage  of  good  breeding  areas  in  the  tundra.  
C.  Pools  of  water  which  make  good  breeding  areas  
are  plentiful  in  summer  as  the  permafrost  melts.  
D.  Summer  rains  in  the  Arctic  tundra  replenish  
breeding  ponds  that  dried  up  during  the  winter.   7.

69. 8. A population of deer becomes stranded on a remote island
8.A  population  of  deer  becomes  stranded  on  a  remote  island.  Eventually,  the  population  
reaches  the  island’s  carrying  capacity.  At  this
 point,  the  birth  and  death  rates  are    
A.  relatively  equal.  
B.  crashing.  
C.  density  dependent.  
D.  density  independent.  

70. 9. The populations of fish and amphibians in a lake more than 100 miles downwind from a coal- fired power plant suddenly began to decline. Biologists sampled the water in the lake and found that it had a pH of 2.4. What conclusions could the biologists draw from their finding?
A. Acid rain that had fallen on the lake had to have come from a pollution source close to the lake.
B. Pollutants from the power plant could be making the lake water too alkaline to support life.
C. The pH of the lake water was normal, so the decline in fish and amphibian populations had some other cause.
D. The lake water had become very acidic, which could be linked to emissions from the distant power plant

71. 10. Two species of finches are in competition for the limited resources of an ecosystem.
One species eats fruit and the second species eats seeds. If a third species of herbivore finches moves into the area, how will the ecosystem change?
A. Resources will be more abundant.
B. Water will become more available.
C. The climate of the ecosystem will change.
D. Fruit and seed resources will become less abundant

73. Gator (VS) Python Competition
When populations become crowded, organisms compete for food, water space, sunlight and other essentials.
Gator (VS) Python