1. FORMS OF BUSINESS OWNERSHIP

2. SOLE TRADER
IS A PERSON THAT OWNS AND RUNS THEIR OWN BUSINESS

3. CHARACTERISTICS OF A SOLE TRADER
ONE PERSON PROVIDES ALL THE MONEY(Capital)
ONE PERSON MAKES ALL THE DECISIONS
ONE PERSON KEEPS ALL THE PROFIT

4. Advantages of a Sole Trader
Easy to set up (no legal documents)
Keep all the profits
Make all the decisions
Personal contact with customers

5. Disadvantages of a Sole Trader
Unlimited liability ( if your business fails you could lose all your own personal wealth)
Suffer all losses yourself
Business ends when the owner dies

6. Private Limited Company (Ltd.)
A business that is owned by 2 to 50 people
Note: A single member company can have one owner

7. Characteristics of a Private Limited Co.
2 to 50 owners called shareholders.
Shares (part ownership) cannot be bought by the general public.
Shareholder’s receive a vote for every share they own
Must have Ltd. After it’s name.
Shareholders receive a share of the profits called a dividend.

8. Advantages of a Private Limited Co.
Limited liability - If the business fails you can only lose the money that you invested in the company. Your own personal wealth cannot be touched.
Business continues even when an owner dies.
Easier to raise finance as you have up to 50 shareholders.

9. Disadvantages of a Private Limited Co.
Legal Documents are needed to set up a co.
More costly to set up.
Decision making and profits are shared.

10. Co-operative Is a business owned and run by members.
Each member has an equal say in the running of the business.

11. Characteristics of a Co-operative
Each member must buy at least one share.
Each member has only one vote.
Each member has an equal say in the running of the business.

12. Advantages of a co-op
Democratic as each member has an equal say.

13. Disadvantages of a co-op
For members who own a lot of shares they only get one vote.
Profits are shared in the form of dividends.

14. State Owned Business
Is a business which is set up, financed and controlled by the government.
Semi-state body
Statutory body

15. Characteristics of State Companies
A government minister is responsible for each state company.
They appoint a board of directors.
The government keeps the profits or re-invests it in the company.

16. Advantages of Semi-State Bodies/Companies
Ensure that essential services are provided to all people in the country.
Provide employment to a large no. of people.
Keep control of natural resources.

17. Disadvantages of Semi-State Bodies
Some are in a monopoly position which means that they have no competition and this can lead to in-effeciency and higher prices.
Some make losses which are covered by the tax payer.

18. Privatisation
When a Semi-State Body is sold to the gerneral public. Eg. Telecom Eireann sold to the public and is now known as Eircom.
A huge amount of money is received by the government.
The government no longer has control of the company.

19. Nationalisation
When a company that is important to the economy is making a loss. The government takes over in order to avoid massive job losses.
Eg. IFI

20. Recap of Key Terms Sole Trader Private Limited Co. Limited Liability
Co-operative
Semi-state Body
Privatisation
Nationalisation