1. MUTATIONS!
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2. What is a Mutation? A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence.
Mutations can cause noticeable physical changes or minor genetic changes with no impact.

3. What are the types of mutation?
There are two types of mutations:
Point mutation – when an incorrect nucleotide is put into a DNA molecule during replication
Frameshift mutation – the addition or removal of a nucleotide in the DNA sequence

4. Point Mutation
- When an incorrect nucleotide is put into a DNA molecule during replication

5. Frameshift Mutation
the addition or removal of a nucleotide in the DNA sequence

6. How do mutations occur? Replication errors can cause mutations to DNA
Environmental conditions and substances in the environment can cause DNA mutations
Things in the environment that cause mutations are called mutagens.

7. When does evolution occur?
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium – the five conditions needed for a population NOT to evolve.
Very large population – genetic drift can not occur
No emigration or immigration – genes can’t flow from one population to another
No mutations – No new alleles
Random mating – No sexual selection
No natural selection – No advantages or disadvantages for survival