1. Unit 10
DETERMINING FORMULAS AND NOMENCLATURE

2. CHEMICAL FORMULAS
Clearest and simplest method of designating compounds
Shows number of atoms using subscripts
Shows the kind of elements in the compound

3. EXAMPLE OF CHEMICAL FORMULA
VITAMIN A
C20H30O

4. SALTS
COMPOUNDS THAT BEGIN WITH A METAL or NH4

5. SALTS BINARY SALTS Contain only two elements: a metal and a nonmetal
To name a binary salt:
Name the metal
Drop ending of nonmetal and add "ide"

6. PRACTICE NAMING BINARY SALTS
1. NaCl
2. CaF2
3. K2O
4. lithium nitride
5. aluminum iodide

7. TERNARY SALTS
Contain three or more elements - metal and polyatomic ion
To name a ternary salt:
Name metal
Name polyatomic ion

8. PRACTICING WRITING TERNARY SALTS
1. K3PO4
2. CaCO3
3. Al(NO3)3
4. barium hydroxide
5. cesium chromate

9. Multiple Ox# SALTS The metals may have more than one oxidation number
To name the salt:
Name the metal
Put Roman numeral after the metal to indicate oxidation state being used
Same ending as other salts

10. PRACTICING SPECIAL SALTS
1. FeCl nickel II iodide
2. FeCl chromium II phosphate
3. Cu(NO2)2
4. PbSO4
5. cobalt III hydroxide

11. COVALENT (nonmetal) COMPOUNDS
BEGINS WITH NONMETAL OTHER THAN H

12. NAMING COVALENT COMPOUNDS
Name the first elements using prefix to indicate the number of atoms present if more than one
DO NOT USE A PREFIX TO INDICATE ONE ATOM

13. NAMING COVALENT COMPOUNDS
Name the second element
Use prefixes to indicate the number of atoms present in the formula
Add "ide" to the end of the second element

14. PREFIXES MONO ----1 HEXA ---- 6 DI ----2 HEPTA ---- 7
TRI OCTA
TETRA NON
PENTA DECA

15. PRACTICING COVALENT COMPOUNDS
1. N2O3
2. CS2
3. P2O5
4. carbon monoxide
5. dinitrogen trioxide

16. ACIDS
Compounds that begin with an "H"

17. BINARY ACIDS Contain only two elements: H and a nonmetal
To name a binary acid
Begin with the prefix "hydro"
Drop normal ending of nonmetal name and add "ic"
Add the word "acid"

18. PRACTICING BINARY ACIDS
1. HCl hydroiodic acid
2. HF hydrobromic
3. H2S acid
6. hydrophosphoric
acid

19. TERNARY ACIDS Contain three elements: H and polyatomic ions
To name a ternary acid
Look at the polyatomic ion name and if the polyatomic ion name ends in:
"ate" - change to "ic"
"ite" - change to "ous"
Add the word "acid"

20. PRACTICING WRITING TERNARY ACIDS
1. H2CO phosphorous
2. H2SO acid
3. HNO oxalic acid
4. HClO nitrous acid