1. Daily Starter Tuesday, Day 11
compare the side groups of polar amino acids vs. non polar amino acids

2. “Protein”
Gets its name from the Greek word meaning “first” or “primary”
material of primary importance in every process that has to do with being alive
Without proteins, No chemical reaction in a living thing would happen at a useful speed

3. Enzymes
These are the proteins that allow chemical reaction to take place at a useful speed
All enzymes are proteins
More on enzymes later…

4. The Transport protein Proteins act as transporters to carry things:
in the blood
across membranes (barriers)
Transport electrons that are removed or added in chemical reactions

5. Other protein functions…
In claws, hooves, hair, nails
Muscle contraction and movement within cells

6. Zwitterions
Under the conditions found in most living cells (pH ~7), nearly molecule of any amino acid is doubly ionized
The carboxyl group releases a hydrogen (donate = acid) and becomes (-) charged
The amino group picks up a hydrogen (accept = base) to become (+) charged

7. Dehydration Condensation
Just like carbohydrates and fats, proteins are assembled by a dehydration condensation of their subunits
This happens when the covalent bond joins 2 amino acids, called a peptide bond

8. Peptide Bonds
When a covalent bond joins amino acids, a peptide bond is formed
The resulting molecule is called a dipeptide (2 amino acids)

9. Peptide Bonds Peptide bonds
Adding 1 more amino acid forms a tripeptide (3 amino acids)

10. Peptide Bonds
More than 3 amino acids is a POLYPEPTIDE