1. More on Monerans

2. The THREE basic bacterial shapes
Rod: bacilli
Sphere: cocci (form long chains or clumps, Ex. Streptococcus)
Spiral: Spirilla

3. Structural Differences
Gram positive
Gram negative
Purple when treated with dye; carbohydrate & protein molecules outside cell membrane (one thick layer)
Red when treated with dye; second outer layer of lipid (fat) & carbohydrate

4. Bacterial Movement Flagella “Spiral” or rotate forward
Slimy secretions allow gliding over a surface

5. Bacterial Respiration
Obligate aerobes
Obligate anaerobes
Require a constant supply of oxygen to survive
Oxygen needed to break down food molecules
Do not require oxygen to survive

6. An obligate anaerobe example… Clostridium botulinum
Found in soil
When oxygen absent, will grow, reproduce & produce TOXINS (poisons)
Can cause paralysis or death in humans if ingested

7. Facultative Anaerobe: Do not require oxygen to survive BUT are not poisoned by its presence

8. Obtaining Energy
Phototrophic autotrophs
Chemotrophic autotrophs
Photosynthesize (can make own food… similar to plants)
Example: cyanobacteria, photosynthetic eubacteria
Obtain energy from inorganic molecules (nitrites, sulfur, iron)
Example: nitrosomonas

9. * All other organisms fall into the Domain Eukarya (Eukaryotes)
Bacterial Groups
Bacteria- diverse group
Archaea
Extreme thermophiles: live in hot environments (thermal vents in ocean, volcanic springs)
Extreme halophiles: live in very salty environments (Dead Sea, salt flats)
Methanogens: anaerobes (poisoned by oxygen)- use CO2 to oxidize H2 & release methane in the process
* All other organisms fall into the Domain Eukarya (Eukaryotes)

10. Take in organic molecules & break them down for use in cell
Chemotrophic heterotrophs
Phototrophic heterotrophs
Take in organic molecules & break them down for use in cell
Example: salmonella
Photosynthetic BUT they also need organic compounds for certain nutrients