1. Movements of the Crust:
How they change landforms.

2. Earth has four layers-the crust, the mantle, the outer core, and the inner core.

3. Some rock within the mantle is soft, like melted candy.

4. Plates “float” on the softer rock of the mantle
Plates “float” on the softer rock of the mantle. See the plates move at:

5. Earthquakes are caused by a sudden release of energy in the Earth’s crust, caused by plate movement.

6. Most earthquakes occur along a fault; most faults are found along the edges of plates.

7. A break in the Earth’s crust
fault
A break in the Earth’s crust

8. The strength of an earthquake is measured using the Richter scale.

9. An earthquake measuring 6.0 or higher can cause a great deal of damage.

10. A mountain made of lava, ash, or other materials from eruptions.
volcano
A mountain made of lava, ash, or other materials from eruptions.

11. Molten rock under Earth’s surface is called magma
Molten rock under Earth’s surface is called magma. It is called lava once it flows out of the volcano.

12. Mt. St. Helens: Composite
Before
After

13. Mauna Loa: Shield
Inactive day
Active day

14. Paricutin: Cinder Cone
1943
today

15. How the Hawaiian islands formed:

16. Mountains form when plates collide.
Oceanic and Continental
Continental and Continental