1. Cooperative interactions

2. Symbiosis Symbiotic relationships
Symbiotic relationships are between two species where at least one derives benefit from the other. Can be:
Mutualistic
Commensalistic
Parasitic

3. Mutualism
Relationship between individuals of two different species in which both benefit (+/+).
A relationship of mutual exploitation – each derives benefit.
When one partner depends on the other for their survival, it is obligate.
If it is not essential, then it is facultative.

5. Facultative mutualism
Ants and Aphids: Some ant species herd aphids in order to have a constant supply of honeydew produced by the aphids. In exchange, the aphids are protected by the ants from other insect predators.

6. Commensalism
One organism gains benefit from the other. The other neither benefits or is harmed (+/0).
Acitvity – complete BZ

7. Allelopathy
Is the chemical inhibition of one plant (or other organism) by another, due to the release into the environment of substances acting as germination or growth inhibitors.
Allelopathy is a type of ammensalism – individuals of one species are unaffected (0), while the second species is harmed or inhibited
(-).
Ammensalism is an interaction where an organism inflicts harm to another organism without any costs or benefits received by itself.

8. Parasitism
One organism gains benefit, and one is harmed to a degree (+/-).
Is an example of exploitation.
Watch video and take notes of examples of symbiotic relationships.
Examples of symbiotic relationships
Use pp , EiB and other biology texts to summarise an example of a mutualistic and commensal relationship.

9. Summary of interactions
Effect on X Effect on Y Type of interaction
Competition
Ammensalism
Exploitation
Commensalism
Mutualism
Some types of relationships listed by the effect they have on each partner. '0' is no effect, '-' is detrimental, and '+' is beneficial.