1. Process by which gametes arrive in the same place at the same time.
Mating
Process by which gametes arrive in the same place at the same time.

2. Mating seasons (environmental conditions)
Mammals mate on land or in water

3. Methods of Sexual Reproduction

4. Conjugation
Occurs when two UNICELLULAR organisms transfer some genetic material.
Example organisms: bacteria (E.Coli), protists (Paramecium)
One cell copies an extra piece of DNA and gives copy to another cell
May be how some bacteria become resistant to antibiotics

5. Hermaphrodites
Have both male and female reproductive cells in one individual.
Useful if immobile or rarely meet other individuals
Examples: Earthworms, Sponges, Barnacles and flowers

6. External Fertilization
Sperm and egg unite outside the body. Often occurs in aquatic environments.
Examples: sea urchins (below) and salmon

7. Advantages Disadvantages very little energy required to find a mate
Large amounts of offspring produced at one time
Disadvantages
Even though millions of gametes released, many will not survive outside parents
Unprotected, sometimes preyed upon.
Not cared for by parents, many do not survive to adulthood.

8. Internal Fertilization
The union of sperm and egg occurs inside the female.
Examples organisms: some aquatic animals such as sharks and most land animals. Humans reproduce this way!!

9. Advantage Disadvantage
more offspring survive because as embryo they are protected, and parental care
Disadvantage
More energy to find a mate
Results in fewer zygotes, compared with external fertilization.

10. Pollination (in plants)
Internal fertilization, called Pollination
Transfer of male gametes (from male part of plant) called pollen to ovules (female reproductive part of plant)
Pollen grains carry the sperm cells. The ovules contain the egg cells.

11. Pollen can be moved by wind, insects, and birds
Some flowers can pollinate themselves

12. 1. What are types of asexual reproduction we went over?
2. What are methods of fertilization we went over for sexual reproduction?
3. Write out the definitions of the following
Sexual reproduction:
Asexual reproduction:
4. What are the advantages and disadvantages of sexual and asexual reproduction? Consider for individual plants and animals as well as entire populations.
(make a chart to answer)