1. Definition, types and Examples
Satire
Definition, types and Examples

2. What is satire?
Satire is a literary genre. Its purpose is to point out the dishonesty and silliness of individuals and therefore ridicule, criticize, or mock their foolish behaviour.
The point is to expose humanity’s vices (immoral/wicked behaviour or characteristics) and foibles (character weakness), thus giving impetus (force/pressure) to change or reform through irony or wit to ridicule or mock.
In other words, satire makes fun of some aspect of culture, society, and/or human nature to hopefully improve it or inspire change. .

3. …Isn’t that comedy? Satire differs from comedy in that:
Satire seeks to correct, improve, or reform through ridicule
Comedy aims simply to amuse its audience
Satire uses laughter as a weapon against something that exists outside the work itself.

4. Satire...
Needs to have a clear purpose, a target, and a target audience to be effective.
Satire also needs to have context – if the target audience does not know what is being satirized, the satire will not be effective.
The purpose is to teach us – to change our attitudes, to teach us about ourselves and our society.
Satire is used to make the audience aware of the faults of society and by doing so, encourage the audience to try to rectify these faults.
Therefore, satire is a tool of persuasion.

5. Through the use of different satirical devices, such as:
How does satire work?
Through the use of different satirical devices, such as:
Language Techniques
Humour Techniques
Tone
Irony
Double-entendre/pun
Hyperbole
Parody
Caricature
Ridicule
Irony (situational)
Sarcasm

7. Example: Satire Clip Will Ferrell SNL Clip :

8. YouTube Clip: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pvwRXeLews0
SNL Sketches:
Donald Trump Trucker Rally Cold Open
President Donald Trump (Alec Baldwin) checks in with Vice President Mike Pence (Beck Bennett) and takes shots at Senator Bob Corker and Secretary of State Rex Tillerson. [Season 43, 3017]
YouTube Clip:

9. Horatian and Juvenalian
Two Types of Satire:
Horatian and Juvenalian

10. Horatian satire is tolerant, wise, and intended to be light-hearted
It pokes fun at human foibles with a witty even indulgent tone

11. Juvenalian satire
is resentful, personal, bitter, angry and leaves one feeling attacked
which denounces, sometimes with invective (insulting, abusive, or highly critical language), human vice and error in dignified and solemn tones

12. Example – John Oliver John Oliver on the Scotland Referendum:
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13. Satirical Language Techniques

14. Irony
Irony is the difference between what is said or done and what is actually meant.

15. Verbal Irony
Verbal irony is a figure of speech in which the intended meaning of a statement differs from the meaning that the words appear to express.
Example : When a mother walks into a room and sees that her children, instead of doing their homework, are playing video games, she gives them a stern look and says, "Once you're done with your very important work there, let's take some time out for recreation in the form of some chemistry homework.”

16. TONE (DIDLS) Tone is the author’s attitude towards its subject
Tone can be created using diction, images, details, language, and sentence structure.
Tone is an important satirical language technique because it can direct your audience to what you are trying to attack

17. Double-entendre/Pun
A double entendre is a particular way of wording that is devised to be understood in either of two ways, having a double meaning. Typically one of the meanings is obvious, given the context, whereas the other may require more thought. The innuendo may convey a message that would be socially awkward, sexually suggestive or offensive to state directly
A double entendre may exploit puns to convey the second meaning.
E.g. “That’s what she said”

18. Hyperbole
Hyperbole is used to represent something beyond normal bounds so that it becomes ridiculous and its faults can be seen in order to emphasize a point.
Can you imagine if your eyes were 4 times brighter?

19. Parody
A parody is a humorous imitation of a person, celebrity, politician, place, well known piece of literature, or media presentation in order to ridicule the original person. It’s only successful if the audience is familiar with the subject being satirized (context).

21. Ridicule
Ridicule is used to satirize the faults of others. It makes fun of the subject, deriding them with contempt.
E.g. In school, some students use ridicule to bully others and make them feel badly about themselves.

22. Situational Irony
irony involving a situation in which actions have an effect that is opposite from what was intended, so that the outcome is contrary to what was expected
E.g. An example would be a man who takes a step aside in order to avoid getting sprinkled by a wet dog, and falls into a swimming pool.

23. Sarcasm
Sarcasm include bitter and spiteful comments used to deliberately hurt the subject. It is a direct form of criticism
E.g. saying to your friend, using a derisive tone, “nice sweater”. You are clearly saying that the sweater is ugly.
Here we have tone and sarcasm working together (language and humour techniques together)

24. Parody
Parody: poking fun at something by mimicking or imitating it

25. Innuendo:
Innuendo: a derogatory suggestion that is not literally spoken but rather hinted at

26. Understatement
Understatement: A figure of speech in which a writer or speaker deliberately makes a situation seem less important than it is

27. Juxtaposition:
Juxtaposition: the arrangement of two or more characters, ideas, or words side-by-side for the purpose of comparison, contrast, or character development.

28. Bathos
An effect of anticlimax created by an abrupt unintentional lapse in mood from the sublime to the trivial or ridiculous.
Example 1
“After training for the entire year and successfully running his first marathon, Ben was desperate, nearly insane, for a saturated fat-filled chocolate bar.
 Expected needs would include water and food, but the urge for junk food is surprising in a star athlete.
Example 2
“She urged her friend to reconsider her decision, as she could be making a huge mistake wearing a green, short dress rather than a long, red dress.”
 Serious, life-changing decisions usually do not concern wardrobe changes, but a sentence using bathos does.

29. Important Points to Remember
A satirist attacks social conventions that he/she feels are wrong
A satirist satirizes these social conventions because he/she thinks it’s worth it – something might change for the better as a result
For the purpose of conveying meaning/message
1. What's the tone of the satire?
(grim, cheerful, sardonic, mock serious, optimistic, etc.)
2. What type of satire is this?
(e.g. Direct vs. Indirect & Horatian vs. Juvenalian)
3. What is the writer satirizing?
(what aspect of society are they trying to criticize?)
4. What is the writer's purpose in satirizing this subject?
(what do they want to change?)
5. What literary techniques does the writer use in this satire?
(e.g. hyperbole, understatement, irony, humor, etc.)