1. The Scientific Method & Controlled Experiments
Unit 1 Learning Target 1.1
The Scientific Method & Controlled Experiments

2. The Scientific Method
Science is a systematic and logical approach to discovering how and explaining why things in the universe work the way the do. It is also the body of knowledge accumulated through the discoveries about all the things in the universe. 
The word "science" is derived from the Latin word scientia, which is knowledge based on demonstrable and reproducible data. True to this definition, science aims for measurable results through testing and analysis. Science is based on fact, not opinion or preferences. The process of science is designed to challenge ideas through research. One important aspect of the scientific process is that it is focuses only on the natural world. Anything that is considered supernatural does not fit into the definition of science.

3. The Scientific Method
Note: (there are various versions of the scientific method however, all will contain some version of the following steps)
Ask a question, make an observation, or identify a problem.
Create a Hypothesis.
Design & Perform a controlled experiment.
Analyze the data collected during the experiment.
Draw a conclusion by connecting your data to your hypothesis.
Repeat if necessary and communicate your results.

4. The Components of a Controlled Experiment
A controlled experiment in one in which an observer tests a hypothesis by looking for changes brought on by alterations to a variable. In a controlled experiment, an independent variable is the only factor that is allowed to be adjusted, with the dependent variable as the factor that the independent variable will affect. In a controlled experiment, the subjects are often divided into two groups. One group receives a change in a certain variable (is tested), while the other group receives a standard environment and conditions (not tested). This group is referred to as the control group, and allows for comparison with the other group, known as the experimental group. 

5. The Components of a Controlled Experiment
Independent Variable (IV) and Experimental Group (EG): The one part of the experiment that is changed/manipulated or given different treatment by the scientist (cause).
Dependent Variable (DV): The part of an experiment that changes in response to, or affected by, the independent variable.  This change is what the scientist observes and measures throughout the experiment (effect).
Constants (C): The parts of an experiment that are kept the same for all groups and trials to ensure a fair test.
Control Group (CG): The group in an experiment that is “normal” or untreated to be compared with the experimental group.  Keep in mind that there is not a control group in every experiment.  There is only a control group if there is such thing as a "normal" or untreated condition.