1. The Nervous System Major division - Central vs. Peripheral
Central Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System
Major division - Central vs. Peripheral
Central or CNS- brain and spinal cord
Peripheral- nerves connecting CNS to muscles and organs

2. Central Nervous System
Spinal
Cord
Brain
Brain and Spinal Cord
key words: central nervous system; brain; spinal cord

3. Peripheral Nervous System
3 kinds of neurons connect CNS to the body
motor
sensory
interneurons
Motor - CNS to muscles and organs
Sensory - sensory receptors to CNS
Interneurons: Connections Within CNS
Spinal
Cord
Brain
Nerves
key words: peripheral nervous system

4.              
Neurons are brain “cells”
The brain is made up of neurons

5. Right Lobe Helps you think of abstract things (music, color, shape)
Controls the left side of the body

6. Left Lobe Help in analyzing Helps us in math, logic and speech
Controls the ride side of the body

9. Each hemisphere is divided into 4 lobes
Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Temporal
key words: cerebral cortex; lobes; frontal; parietal; temporal; occipital

10. Frontal Lobe Located at the front of the brain
Motor
Cortex
Frontal
Lobe
Motor
Cortex
Working
Memory
Motor
Cortex
Broca’s
Area
Located at the front of the brain
Takes care of complex thinking, planning, imagining and reasoning
Involved with intellect and personality
key words: cerebral cortex; lobes; frontal; motor functions
Frontal lobe is not directly involved in sensation or perception. Its functions are related to motor action (behavior). The motor cortex is the start of nerves that run through the spinal cord to the muscles.
Broca’s area organizes sequences of speech movements. Damage leads to productive aphasia
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex is important in working memory. WM is short term memory for information needed to maintain a context, to prepare for the next step in a sequence of thought, and /or to inhibit irrelevant responses
The wisconsin card sorting task illustrates the importance of working memory in maintaining context and inhibiting irrelevant responses

11. Occipital Lobe Located at the rear of the brain
Contains visual cortex which processes sight

12. Parietal Lobe Outputs to Frontal lobe hand-eye coordination
Located at the upper sides of the brain
Processes messages such as those related to touch, taste and temperature
Contains motor cortex which controls movement
Parietal
Lobe
Somatosensory
Cortex
Outputs to Frontal lobe
hand-eye coordination
eye movements
attention

13. Temporal Lobe Temporal Lobe #9 Located near the ears
Auditory
Cortex
Temporal Lobe #9
Located near the ears
Processes hearing and smell
Involved in memory retrieval, thought and judgment
Temporal
Lobe

14. Peripheral Nervous Systemk e l t a ( o m i c ) y p h P r s A u n N v
key words: peripheral nervous system; skeletal nervous system; somatic nervous system; autonomic nervous system; sympathetic nervous system; parasympathetic nervous system

15. Somatic System Nerves to/from spinal cord
control muscle movements
somatosensory inputs
Both Voluntary and reflex movements
Skeletal Reflexes
simplest is spinal reflex arc
Muscle
Motor
Neuron
Interneuron
Skin receptors
Sensory
Brain

16. Autonomic Nervous System
Can be divided into:
Sympathetic Nervous System
“Fight or Flight”
Parasympathetic Nervous System
“Rest and Digest”
These 2 systems are antagonistic.
Typically, we balance these 2 to keep ourselves in a state of dynamic balance.
We’ll go further into the difference btwn these 2 later!

17. Autonomic System Two divisions: Control involuntary functions
sympathetic
Parasympatheitic
Control involuntary functions
heartbeat
blood pressure
respiration
perspiration
digestion
Can be influenced by thought and emotion

18. Sympathetic “ Fight or flight” response
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Brain
Spinal
cord
SYMPATHETIC
Dilates pupil
Stimulates salivation
Relaxes bronchi
Accelerates heartbeat
Inhibits activity
Stimulates glucose
Secretion of adrenaline,
nonadrenaline
Relaxes bladder
Stimulates ejaculation
in male
Sympathetic
ganglia
Salivary
glands
Lungs
Heart
Stomach
Pancreas
Liver
Adrenal
gland
Kidney
“ Fight or flight” response
Release adrenaline and noradrenaline
Increases heart rate and blood pressure
Increases blood flow to skeletal muscles
Inhibits digestive functions
keywords: sympathetic nervous system; fighlt or flight response

19. Parasympathetic “ Rest and digest ” system
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Brain
PARASYMPATHETIC
Spinal
cord
Stimulates salivation
Constricts bronchi
Slows heartbeat
Stimulates activity
Contracts bladder
Stimulates erection
of sex organs
Stimulates gallbladder
Gallbladder
Contracts pupil
“ Rest and digest ” system
Calms body to conserve and maintain energy
Lowers heartbeat, breathing rate, blood pressure
key words: parasympathetic nervous system; rest and digest system

20. Summary of autonomic differences
Autonomic nervous system controls physiological arousal
Sympathetic
division (arousing)
Parasympathetic
division (calming)
Pupils dilate EYES Pupils contract
Decreases SALVATION Increases
Perspires SKIN Dries
Increases RESPERATION Decreases
Accelerates HEART Slows
Inhibits DIGESTION Activates
Secrete stress
hormones
ADRENAL
GLANDS
Decrease secretion
of stress hormones
key words: sympathetic nervous system; parasympathetic nervous system

21. Reflex Drawing…