1. INSIDE EARTH CHAPTER 1: PLATE TECTONICS
Section 1: Earths Interior

2. GEOLOGY
 Geology: the study of planet Earth
Geologists study the processes that create Earth’s features and search for clues about Earth’s history
Geologists have to make predictions about what the Earth’s interior is made of by making indirect observations of seismic waves
Forces beneath the Earth’s surface change the Earth’s appearance. There are two types of forces:

4. GEOLOGISTS CANNOT OBSERVE EARTH’S INTERIOR DIRECTLY.
Use seismic waves: vibrations that travels through Earth, carrying the energy released during an earthquake
determine the speed and path of these waves to reveal the inner Earth’s structure

5. WHAT HAPPENS TO TEMP AND PRESSURE IN THE EARTH?
As the depth of the Earth increases, so does the pressure and temperature.
Pressure: amount of force pushing on a surface (huge amount of pressure on the core)

7. EARTH IS MADE UP OF 3 MAIN LAYERS

8. 1. WHAT IS THE CRUST LIKE?
Crust: Layer of rock that forms Earth’s outer skin (made of Oxygen, Silicon, Aluminum, Calcium, Iron, Sodium, Potassium and Magnesium)
Includes soil and water
8-40 km thick
Oceanic Crust: crust beneath the ocean
Thin layer of crust
Made of- basalt: dark dense rock with a fine texture
Continental Crust: crust that forms the continents
Thicker layer of crust
Made of granite- rock that has larger crystals basalt and is not as dense; usually light in color

9. 2. WHAT IS THE MANTLE LIKE?
Mantle: a layer of hot rock under the Earth’s crust (made of Iron, oxygen, Silicon and Magnesium)
Lithosphere: a rigid layer made up of the uppermost part of the mantle and the crust; about 100km thick- (tectonic plates)
Under the Lithosphere is a layer of hot rock
Temperature and pressure in the mantle increase with depth
Asthenosphere: thick, soft material that flows in the mantle; about 3,000km thick; moves in a convection current

10. WHAT IS THE MANTLE LIKE?

12. WHAT IS THE CORE LIKE?
3. Core: innermost layer of Earth; consists of 2 parts (made of iron and nickel)
Outer Core
layer of molten metal that surround the inner core
Behaves like a thick liquid
Is under enormous pressure
Inner Core
Dense ball of solid metal
Extreme pressure makes it a solid

13. MAGNETIC FIELD
The Earth has a magnetic field that is caused by the inner core spinning within the outer