1. Human Genome Project, Gene Therapy, and Cloning

3. The Human Genome Project
An international effort to decipher the DNA blueprint of a human being

4. Human Genome Project Goals:
To sequence & determine the exact order of the nucleotides (A,C,T,G) for ALL of the DNA in a human cell
To determine which sections of DNA represent the individual genes
To store this information in databases for analysis

6. Publishing the human genome

9. Gene Therapy
Replacement of an abnormal protein with a normal one
Isolate the normal sequence for the protein & package it into a virus (vector).
Infect a target cell, usually the one with the illness, such as a liver or lung cell.
The cell uses the normal sequence to produce the missing protein and is thus repaired.

11. Problems with Gene Therapy
Short lived, so patients have to go through multiple rounds
Immune response to foreign invaders
Problems with the viruses
Very expensive
Multigene disorders

12. Identical twins are natural clones, they share 100% of their DNA
What is Cloning?
Cloning is the creation of an organism that is the EXACT genetic copy of the mother
Identical twins are natural clones, they share 100% of their DNA

13. What is Cloning?