1. Introduction
Administration

2. Check list Some form of exercise book or folder
Beginning Chemistry book
Put your name on it now!
Complete Section One (Chapter 1 – 3)
Course information booklet
Website address
A Periodic Table of Elements

3. Homework
By the end of this year, the ENTIRE Beginning Chemistry Workbook will be completed.
Unless otherwise stated…
This is a self assigned work, you can either
Complete it during the year
Or complete it end of year
Additional homework such as practice papers or worksheets is expected to be completed.

4. Foundational Chemistry
Introduction
Foundational Chemistry

5. Matter
Scientifically, matter is a physical substance which has a mass and is subject to time and space.

6. Matter Solid Liquid Gas Element Compound Pure Substance Mixture
Non-metallic
Metallic
Ionic
molecular
Cf. Boniface S., Bunn T., Sayes M., 2004, NCEA Level 2 Chemistry study guide, p. 110, ESA. Publications, Auckland.

7. Solid, Liquid, Gas and Aqueous
Matter
Matter is made out of particles
Particles attract each other
Particles also absorb energy (eg. Heat) and move (Kinetic energy)
Energy cannot be created nor destroy
The different arrangement of particles are called the state
There are four main states in Chemistry
Solid, Liquid, Gas and Aqueous

8. Particles Made out of atom(s)
It can be a single atom or combinations of atoms
When a particle is made out of only one type of atom (or a single atom), it is called a element. Eg. H2 or He
When a particle is a combination of atoms of different elements, it is called a compound. Eg. H2O or NaCl

9. Atoms Atoms are made out of…
Protons- Positive charged particle in the nucleus and has AMU of 1
Neutrons- Neutral charged particle in the nucleus and has the AMU of 1
Electrons- negative charged particle “moving” around the nucleus
The mass of the electron is so small that is commonly ignored in scientific model
AMU = Atomic Mass Unit

10. The valence electrons
Electrons in the highest occupied energy level (valence level) are called valence electrons.
The valence electron configuration is the driving force of chemical reactivity.
Only a fully completed valence level is chemically stable

11. Periodic table
Scientists arrange each elements that is discovered into the periodic table
The rows are called periods
Elements have the same valence level
The columns are called groups
Elements have the same number of valence electron

12. Chemical Bonds
Bonding occurs when atoms achieve a more stable electron arrangement.
When bonds forms, energy is released
Ionic bonds occurs when electrons are transferred from one atom to another
-Forming ions (positive and negative)
Covalent bonds occurs when electrons are shared between atoms
-Forming molecules