1. SYNTAX
And Punctuation

2. Syntax: How do the poet’s syntactical choices change or expand the ideas in the poem?

3. enjambment
Lines of poetry are broken before a grammatical or logical completion of a thought

4. End-stopped
Lines are broken after the completion of a sentence or other grammatical pause

5. Verbs
Active or passive
Tense

6. Sentence Structure
Complete sentences or fragments?
Is there a pattern?
Within the sentence is the word order natural or grammatically irregular?

7. Punctuation How is it used or not used?
Is it consistent with grammatical conventions?
How does it affect speed? Where are the pauses?
Does the poet use italics, bold fonts, dashes, or any other uncommon fonts or punctuation devices? If so, why?

8. very important aspect of syntax
Notice how unusual or interesting combinations of punctuation—the dash, the exclamation point, the semicolon or parentheses—contribute to meaning

9. old age sticks e.e. cummings
up Keep
Off
Signs) &
youth yanks them
down (old
age cries NO
Tres) & (pas)
youth laughs
(sing
old age
scolds Forbid
den Stop
Must
N’t Don’t
&} youth goes
Right on
growing old

10. e.e. cummings
in time of daffodils(who know the goal of living is to grow) forgetting why,remember how in time of lilacs who proclaim the aim of waking is to dream, remember so(forgetting seem) in time of roses(who amaze our now and here with paradise) forgetting if,remember yes in time of all sweet things beyond whatever mind may comprehend, remember seek(forgetting find) and in a mystery to be (when time from time shall set us free) forgetting me,remember me

11. A legion of horribles, hundreds in number, half
naked or clad in costumes attic or biblical or
wardrobed out of a fevered dream with the skins of
animals and silk finery and pieces of uniform still
tracked with the blood of prior owners, coats of slain dragoons,
frogged and braided cavalry jackets and all the
horsemen’s faces gaudy and grotesque with
daubings like a company of mounted clowns,
death hilarious, all howling in a barbarous tongue
and riding down upon them like a horde from a hell
more horrible yet than the brimstone land of
christian reckoning, screeching and yammering and
clothed in smoke like those vaporous beings in regions beyond right knowing where the
eye wanders and the lip jerks and drools.
Blood Meridian
Cormac McCarthy

12. I'm Nobody! Who are you?
I'm Nobody! Who are you? Are you--Nobody--Too? Then there's a pair of us? Don't tell! they'd banish us--you know! How dreary--to be--Somebody! How public--like a Frog-- To tell one's name--the livelong June-- To an admiring Bog! -- Emily Dickinson

13. How a pinecone saved her life Rachel Curzon
I am:
a shut box-no lid, no lock;
a dark knot she can fit
between two palms; a sudden gift.

14. It was many and many a year ago, In a kingdom by the sea, That a maiden there lived whom you may know By the name of ANNABEL LEE;-- And this maiden she lived with no other thought Than to love and be loved by me.
She was a child and I was a child, In this kingdom by the sea, But we loved with a love that was more than love-- I and my Annabel Lee-- With a love that the winged seraphs of heaven Coveted her and me.
And this was the reason that, long ago, In this kingdom by the sea, A wind blew out of a cloud by night Chilling my Annabel Lee; So that her high-born kinsman came And bore her away from me, To shut her up in a sepulchre In this kingdom by the sea.
The angels, not half so happy in Heaven, Went envying her and me:-- Yes! that was the reason (as all men know, In this kingdom by the sea) That the wind came out of a cloud, chilling And killing my Annabel Lee.
But our love it was stronger by far than the love Of those who were older than we-- Of many far wiser than we- And neither the angels in Heaven above, Nor the demons down under the sea, Can ever dissever my soul from the soul Of the beautiful Annabel Lee:--
For the moon never beams without bringing me dreams Of the beautiful Annabel Lee; And the stars never rise but I see the bright eyes Of the beautiful Annabel Lee; And so, all the night-tide, I lie down by the side Of my darling, my darling, my life and my bride, In her sepulchre there by the sea-- In her tomb by the side of the sea.

15. Verbal pattern
Repetition
Many-many
Child-child
Me-me
Others?

16. Grammatical patterns
Placement of punctuation or repetition of similar grammar units
Beginnings-prepositional phrases-”OF …”
Others

17. Syntactical
2 or more sentences have similar verbal and grammatical patterns, lengths or the repetition of the same sentences
“In this kingdom by the sea”
“A wind blew out of a cloud by night”

18. Linear
Patterns that occur in how the line ends
End-paused
enjambed

19. It was many and many a year ago,
In a kingdom by the sea,
That a maiden there lived whom you may know
By the name of Annabel Lee;--
2 end-stopped, end paused, end stopped

20. It was many and
Many a year ago in
A kingdom by
The sea, that a maiden there
Lived whom you may
Know by the name of
ANNABEL LEE;--
Enjambed-except the last-disrupts the linear, forward movement of the poem