1. Operant Conditioning
Differs from classical conditioning because we associate responses with their consequences.
Based on the principle that things that are reinforced tend to be repeated.

2. Operant Conditioning
Classical Conditioning was relatively passive, things happen to the learner
Operant Conditioning is when learning is voluntary by the learning
Reward===========Reinforcer

3. Operant Conditioning
Much of what has been learned, was done in a conditioning chamber (Skinner Box) designed for studying operant conditioning.
Rewards/Reinforcers are used to change the frequency of responses.

4. Operant Conditioning
Just like with Classical Conditioning, Operant is based on expectancies as well.
Operant Reinforcement works the very best when it is response contingent, given only after a desired response has occurred

5. Operant Conditioning
What about superstitious behaviors?

6. Operant Conditioning
This gradual molding of responses relies on successive approximations where we get closer and closer to the end response.
Like we have discussed previously, to get pets to do complicated tricks we use shaping.

7. Operant Conditioning
Just like there was extinction in classical conditioning, operant extinction occurs as well.
Negative Attention Seeking

8. Operant Conditioning We have been discussing Positive Reinforcements
Pleasant or desirable event follows a response
Making a response removes an unpleasant event
Negative Reinforcement
Negative Reinforcement is not a punishment

9. Operant Conditioning
Punishments differ from negative reinforcements because a punishment
any event following a response that will decrease the likelihood that it will occur again.
Things such as fines, parents grounding children, parking tickets, or loss of allowance.
Another type of punishment is called response cost

10. Operant Conditioning Primary vs. Secondary Reinforcers
Secondary reinforcers are the things such as money, praise, attention, approval, success, affection, and grades.
Primary Reinforcers are the natural, non-learned, reinforcers that have their root in biology
Food and water
Which have more impact?