1. Unit 2: Tissues, Organs, and Systems of Living Things
Biology
Unit 2: Tissues, Organs, and Systems of Living Things

2. BIG IDEAS Tissues, Organs, and Systems of Living Things
Plants and animals, including humans, are made of specialized cells, tissues, and organs that are organized into systems
Also, there have been developments in medicine and medical technology that have social and ethical implications for the world as we know it

3. LOOKING AHEAD UNIT B Tissues, Organs, and Systems of Living Things
CHAPTER 1
Cells, Cell Division
And Cell
Specialization
CHAPTER 2
Plant Systems
CHAPTER 3
Animal Systems

4. CELLS, CELL DIVISION, AND CELL SPECIALIZATION
KEY QUESTION: How and why do cells divide?
Key Concepts
All organisms are made up of one or more cells.
Microscopes enable us to examine cells in detail.
The cell cycle occurs in distinct stages.
Cell division is important for growth, repair, and reproduction.
Cancer cells generally divide more rapidly than normal cells.
Medical imaging technologies are important in diagnosing and treating disease.

5. Learning Goals For students to learn more about: Cell theory
Cell specialization
Differences between eukaryotes / prokaryotes
Differences between animal and plant cells and recognize these differences

6. Introduction
Before microscopes were invented, people had very little knowledge of the microscopic world
This included things like food born illnesses, microorganisms, and cells!

7. Introduction All living organisms are composed of cells.
A cell is a small, membrane-bound compartment that contains all the chemicals and molecules that help support an organism's life.
As more advances in technology occurred in the 1800s, we were able to learn more about cells and their behaviours – thus led to the “Cell Theory”

8. Cell Theory Biology is a science, and is based on the cell theory
The cell theory states that:
All living things are made up of cells.
The cell is the simplest unit that can carry out all life processes.
All cells are reproduced from other cells.

9. Cell Theory https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4OpBylwH9DU (6)

10. Introduction Cells can be thought of as building blocks of organisms.
Some organisms are composed of a single cell, aka unicellular organisms
Other organisms, like Humans, are made up of millions of cells
They are said to be multicellular organisms
These millions of cells work together to perform many complex functions, and make us different from other multicellular organisms alike

11. PROKARYOTES AND EUKARYOTES
All living things are made up of cells.
Cells can be very simple or very complex.
The simplest life forms are called prokaryotes
These single-celled life forms have no nucleus.
A bacterium is an example of a prokaryote.

12. PROKARYOTES AND EUKARYOTES
More complex organisms are called eukaryotes
Eukaryotes may be single-celled or multi-celled organisms with a nucleus
Plants and animals are examples of eukaryotes.
Eukaryote cells are much larger than prokaryote cells, often 10 x to 1000x larger
There are also more organelles found in eukaryotes
YOU are an example of a eukaryotes

14. FUNCTION & STRUCTURE OF CELLS
All cells have to perform certain basic activities to stay alive.
These activities are performed by organelles
Each organelle has a specific function within the cell
As Organelles work together to meet the life needs of the cell
Plant and animal cells have many structures in common.
However, plant cells have some organelles that animal cells do not.

15. Plant and Animal Cells

16. Understanding Parts of a Cell
Please complete the worksheets provided on parts of an Animal and Plant Cell
You are also required to complete the Venn Diagram comparing the different types of cells

17. Understanding Organelles
Plant and Animal Cells in Detail

18. Organelles in Animal Cells

19. Organelles in Animal Cells
Name of Organelle
Function
Cell Membrane
The thin layer of protein and fat that surrounds the cell.
The cell membrane is semipermeable, allowing some substances to pass into the cell and blocking others.
Centrosome
A small body located near the nucleus - it is where microtubules are made.
During mitosis, the centrosome divides and the two parts move to opposite sides of the dividing cell.
Cytoplasm
The jellylike material outside the cell nucleus in which the organelles are located.
Lysosome (AKA vesicles)
Are round organelles surrounded by a membrane and containing digestive enzymes.
This is where the digestion of cell nutrients takes place
Vacuole
Fills with food being digested and waste material that is on its way out of the cell

20. Organelles in Animal Cells
Name of Organelle
Function
Golgi Body (aka Golgi apparatus or Golgi complex)
Is a flattened, layered, sac-like organelle that looks like a stack of pancakes and is located near the nucleus.
It produces the membranes that surround the lysosomes.
The Golgi body packages proteins and carbohydrates into membrane-bound vesicles for "export" from the cell.
Mitochondria
Is the POWERHOUSE of the cell
Spherical to rod-shaped organelles with a double membrane.
The mitochondrion converts the energy stored in glucose into ATP (Energy) for the cell
Nucleus
Brain of the cell
Controls many functions of the cell
Cellular DNA is found in here
The nucleus is surrounded by the nuclear membrane.

21. Organelles in Animal Cells
Name of Organelle
Function
Nuclear Membrane
Is the membrane that surrounds the nucleus.
Nucleolus
An organelle within the nucleus
Some cells have more than one nucleolus.
Ribosomes
Small organelles that help make PROTEINS
Found on Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (AKA Rough ER)
Is a large system of interconnected, membranous, folded upon itself
transports materials through the cell and produces proteins
Called “Rough” because ribosomes are found on them
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (AKA Smooth ER)
Another Large interconnected unit that buds off from rough ER, moving the newly-made proteins and lipids to the Golgi body, lysosomes, and membranes
It contains enzymes and produces and digests fats and membrane proteins;

22. Organelles in Plant Cells

23. Organelles in Plant Cells
Name of Organelle
Function
Chlorophyll
A molecule that can use light energy from sunlight to turn water and carbon dioxide gas into sugar and oxygen through photosynthesis
Chlorophyll is green
Chloroplast
An elongated or disc-shaped organelle containing chlorophyll.
Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts.
Cell Wall
a thick, rigid membrane that surrounds a plant cell.
This layer of cellulose (starch) gives the cell most of its support and structure.
The cell wall also bonds with other cell walls to form the structure of the plant.
All others found in Animal Cells, except centrioles

24. Plant and Animal Cells

25. Comparing Plant and Animal Cells

26. Comparing Plant and Animal Cells

27. Bill Nye: Cells