1. Animal Farm: The Political Background

2. Capitalism An economic system characterized by:
Private or corporate ownership of resources and means of production
Prices, production, and the distribution of goods are determined mainly by competition in a free market
Goal is to use profits to expand business thus creating more jobs and wealth
Distribution of profits is determined by owners
Often results in the rich getting richer and the poor getting poorer

3. Socialism
The means of production, distribution and exchange are mostly owned by the government, and used, in theory, on behalf of the people
Belief that capitalism is unfair because it concentrates wealth in a few hands and doesn’t protect the overall welfare of the majority
Therefore, the state redistributes the wealth of society in a more equitable way, according to the judgement of the legislator

4. Communism A system of government characterized by:
Collective ownership of property (both material and intellectual)
Organization of labor for the advantage of all members
Goal of erasing inequalities in the possession of property, by distributing all wealth equally to all
“From each according to his abilities, to each according to his needs.”

5. Totalitarianism
A form of government with a strong central rule that attempts to control individuals by means of violence or repression
The government pursues a specific goal no matter the cost to others
Participation in government-approved organization becomes required
Large-scale violence is often used to protect the government’s ideas and achieve its goals
Groups of individuals are singled out and blamed for the government’s troubles. They are persecuted or killed.

6. Political Changes in Russia
Capitalism
Socialism
Communism
Totalitarianism

7. Monarchy Under Czar Nicholas II

8. Privatized Farms and Industry (owned by aristocracy)
1 man
Power
Wealth
CZAR
Aristocracy
Military
Agriculture
Industry
– Proletariat –
Workers from
Privatized Farms and Industry
(owned by aristocracy)
Powerless
Poor
Millions of People

9. Monarchy Under Czar Nicholas II
Czar Nicholas was dictator of Russia
Czar = “power from God”

10. Monarchy Under Czar Nicholas II
Russia lagged behind other modernized countries in:
Industrialization
Government
Education

11. Monarchy Under Czar Nicholas II
Majority of population faced poverty, hunger, and unemployment
WWI
Lost territory from war
Food & resources going to troops

12. Monarchy Under Czar Nicholas II
Revolts led by hungry workers erupted across Russia
1917 – Czar Nicolas II was overthrown

13. The Russian Revolution
Bolsheviks, under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin, Leon Trotsky, and Joseph Stalin proceeded to structure a Communist country as envisioned by Karl Marx

14. Communism Envisioned by Karl Marx

15. Self-governance Power Wealth Collectively Owned Agriculture
No Man
Self-governance
Power
Wealth
Collectively Owned Agriculture
Collectively Owned Industry
Mandatory Military Service
For All Citizens

16. Communism Envisioned by Karl Marx
The communists hoped that after updating their country’s industry, agriculture, & military, a populace of educated people could successfully govern themselves and collectively own the combined wealth of their nation

17. Communism Envisioned by Karl Marx
It was a uptopian type dream where a classless society provided all its citizens with comfortable and meaningful life.

18. Transitional Rule Under Vladimir Lenin

19. Agriculture Modernization Industry Modernization
1 man
Power
Wealth
Lenin
Communist Party
Agriculture Modernization
Industry Modernization
Military Modernization
Powerless
Poor
Workers are quickly absorbed
Into Agriculture, Industry, and Military
Millions of People

20. The Russian Revolution
Soviets gain popular support by promising:
Land
Bread
Peace

21. Transitional Rule Under Lenin
Their main goals were as follows:
Modernize industry and agriculture
Get rid of the aristocracy (middle & upper classes)
Provide adequate food, shelter, and medical services to the poor
Educated the population in the ways of Communism
Strengthen their military

22. Transitional Rule Under Lenin
1918: The Red Army, led by Leon Trotsky, identified and executed suspected anti-communists.
: Civil War erupted between the Communists and their opposition
1922: Lenin died before he could see a new Russia emerge

23. Transitional Rule Under Lenin
A power struggled developed between Trotsky and Stalin
Trotsky was run out of the country by Stalin whose powers lie in his infamous secret police or “cheka” (KBG).

24. Communist Rule Under Joseph Stalin

25. Government Farms and Industry
1 man
Power
Wealth
Stalin
Secret Police
(KGB)
Military
Agriculture
Industry
Powerless
– Proletariat –
Workers from
Government Farms and Industry
(owned by Stalin)
Poor
Millions of People

26. Communist Rule Under Stalin
The Russia that Stalin developed was renamed the Soviet Union, and was not the same country that Lenin had hoped for.

27. Communist Rule Under Stalin
1928
Stalin’s “Five Year Plans”
Designed to bring Russia into the industrial age

28. Communist Rule Under Stalin
Stalin maintained power by using political and social terror
KGB, Checka, and system of spies

29. Communist Rule Under Stalin
The Purges
High ranking officials were arrested, forced to confess to false charges, and then executed
Stalin was seen as protecting Russia

30. Communist Rule Under Stalin
In addition to his campaign of terror, Stalin also controlled all media sources.
Stalin could effectively rewrite history to suit his political/military needs.

35. Relationship with other countries

36. Non-Aggression Pact
Agreement between Germany and the Soviet Union in 1939
Stalin did not want a way while he was building up his nation and Germany wanted to invade Poland.
Broken when Germany invaded the Soviet Union in 1941

37. United States
Alliance between Soviet Union, Engiand, and the United States during WWII called “The Big Three”
United States did not recognize the Soviet Union until 1933