1. Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 14 - 1 Chapter 14 Understanding Money and Banking

2. Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 14 - 2 A banker is a fellow who lends you his umbrella when the sun is shining, and wants it back the minute it begins to rain. ~ Mark Twain

3. Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 14 - 3 Key Topics Money and its forms in the U.S. U.S. financial institutions How banks create money and how they are regulated The Federal Reserve system Changes in the financial industry International banking and finance

4. Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 14 - 4 $$$ Money $$$ Anything generally accepted as a means of paying for goods and services Symbol Economy, productivity, GDP NOT precious metal

5. Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 14 - 5 Characteristics of a Good Money System Divisible Portable Durable Hard to Counterfeit Stable in Value

6. Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 14 - 6 Life Span of Currency Source: Bureau of Engraving and Printing

7. Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 14 - 7 The Functions of Money Medium of Exchange Store of Value Unit of Account

8. Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 14 - 8 The Cost of Producing U.S. Coins Golden Dollar 10.03 cents Half Dollar 9.93 cents Quarter 4.29 cents Dime 1.88 cents Nickel 3.13 cents Penny.81 cents Source: http://www.usmint.gov/faqs/circulating_coins

9. Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 14 - 9 Amount of $ in Circulation per Person Source: New Designs for Your Money, U.S. Dept. of Treasury

10. Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 14 - 10 The Money Supply M1: Spendable Currency Demand deposits M2: Spendable plus Convertible Time deposits Money market mutual funds Savings deposit

11. Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 14 - 11 The Money Supply Currency Demand Deposits = Total M1 + Time Deposits & Money Market Accts. Total M2 *SA *SA = Seasonally Adjusted + =

12. The Total Money Supply

13. Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 14 - 13 19641969197419841984198919942001 5.45.0 4.4 4.0 3.4 3.0 2.4 2.0 1.4 1.0 0 0.4 Money Supply (trillions) Money Supply Growth M-1 M-2

14. Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 14 - 14 Credit Cards A Major Financial Force Credit cards accounted for almost half of all transactions for the year 2000 Credit cards are a large and growing business Convenient for users Highly profitable for issuers

15. Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 14 - 15 U.S. Financial Institutions Commercial Banks Diversification and mergers Commercial interest rates Savings and Loan Associations Mutual Savings Banks

16. Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 14 - 16 U.S. Financial Institutions Credit Unions Non-Deposit Institutions Pension funds Insurance companies Finance companies Securities investment dealers

17. Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 14 - 17 Special Financial Services Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAS) Trust Services International Services Currency exchange Letters of credit Bankers acceptance

18. Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 14 - 18 Special Financial Services Financial advice and brokerage services Automated teller machines Electronic funds transfer

19. Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 14 - 19 Banks As Creators of Money $100.00$10.00$90.00$190.00 90.009.0081.00271.00 81.008.1072.90343.00 72.907.2965.61409.51 65.616.5659.05468.56 Deposit Money held in Reserve by Bank Money to Lend Total Supply

20. Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 14 - 20 The Federal Reserve System Structure Board of governors Reserve banks Member banks Functions Banking for the government Banking for banks Controlling the money supply

21. Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 14 - 21 Reserve requirements Discount rate controls Open market operations Selective credit controls Controlling the Money Supply The Tools of the Fed

22. Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 14 - 22 The Changing Money and Banking System Interstate BankingDeregulation

23. Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 14 - 23 Tools for Influencing the Money Supply Reserve Requirement: Percentage of a bank's deposit that must be set aside an on which banks may not earn interest Discount Rate: Interest rate the Federal Reserve charges on loans to commercial banks

24. Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 14 - 24 Tools for Influencing the Money Supply Prime Interest Rate (Prime): Lowest interest rate banks offer on short term loans to preferred borrowers Open-Market Operations: Federal Reserves purchase or sale of government bonds on the open market Selective Credit Controls: Federal Reserve's power to set credit terms on various types of loans

25. Influencing the Money Supply Reserve Requirements Discount Rate Open-Market Operations Selective Credit Controls To INCREASE money supply To DECREASE money supply Decrease Lower Buy Fewer Increase Raise Sell More

26. Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 14 - 26 U.S. Prime Interest Rate On January 1 st Source: Money-Rates.com

27. Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 14 - 27 Federal Funds Rate Averages of Daily Figures Percent Source: H.15 Release -- Federal Reserve Board of Governors DATE : FED FUNDS 2000.10 6.51 2000.11 6.51 2000.12 6.40 2001.01 5.98 2001.02 5.49 2001.03 5.31 2001.04 4.80 2001.05 4.21 2001.06 3.97 2001.07 3.77 2001.08 3.65 2001.09 3.07 2001.10 2.49

28. Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 14 - 28 Prime Rate http://www.ny.frb.org/pihome/statistics/dlyra tes/

29. Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 14 - 29 U.S. Prime Interest and Federal Discount Rates Source: Money-Rates.com

30. Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 14 - 30 Regulation of Financial Institutions Regulatory Relationships Federal Reserve Board FDIC SAIF(FSLIC) NCUA

31. Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 14 - 31 Electronic Technologies A Dramatic Change Debit Cards Smart Cards E-cashE-cash

32. Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 14 - 32 Motivation for Electronic Banking

33. Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 14 - 33 Electronic Banking Trends in the U.S. Internet Electronic Funds Transfers (EFTs) Check Conversion Debit Card Smart Card

34. Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 14 - 34 Credit, Debit, & Smart Cards Credit Cards: Plastic cards that allow the user to buy now and repay the loaned amount at a future date, plus accrued interest on any balance Debit Cards: Plastic cards that function like checksbanks withdraw funds from users demand deposit account and transfer it to retailers accounts Smart Cards: Plastic cards with embedded computer chips that store money electronically as well as information that can be used for purchases

35. Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 14 - 35 Electronic & Internet Banking Automated Teller Machines (ATMs): Electronic terminals that permit people to perform basic banking transactions 24 hours a day without human tellers Electronic Funds Transfer Systems (EFTS or EFTs): Computerized systems for completing financial transactions

36. Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 14 - 36 International Banking Eurodollar & Currency Exchange Letter of Credit Bankers Acceptance World Bank IMF

37. Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 14 - 37 Bolstering International Trade International Monetary Fund (IMF) Stable exchange rates Temporary short-term loans Cooperation on global monetary issues International payments system World Bank Provides a limited scope of financial services World Bank Provides a limited scope of financial services

38. Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 14 - 38 The International Payments Process Olive Exchange (Greece to U.S.) Equipment Exchange (U.S. to Greece.) U.S. ImporterU.S. ExporterU.S. Bank Greek ExporterGreek ImporterGreek Bank 1 2 3 4 5 67 8

39. Copyright ©2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 14 - 39 Chapter Review Define money and its forms in the U.S. Describe U.S. financial institutions Explain how banks create money and how they are regulated Discuss the functions and tools of the Federal Reserve system Identify how the financial industry is changing Understand international banking and finance