1. Transcription/Translation Control of Gene Expression
Molecular genetics Jeopardy
DNA
Transcription/Translation
Control of Gene Expression
Genetic Engineering
“trans”genetics
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2. DNA base pairs are made of these bonds
What is hydrogen bonding?
Category

3. The lagging strand is built in these short sequences
What are Okazaki fragments
Category

4. These two experiments demonstrated that DNA is the heritable feature (describe them)
Daily Double
What are Avery/MacLeod- Bacterial transformation due to DNA
and
Hershey/Chase which showed that viruses insert DNA into their hosts

5. Rosalind Franklin provided this important evidence for our understanding of DNA
X-Ray crystallography, showed helical shape of DNA

6. This is why the TATAA box makes an ideal sequence to be found in the promoter
What is A=T has only 2 H-bonds, allowing the strands to be separated more easily

7. These molecules carry amino acids to the ribosome
What is tRNA?

8. RNA polymerase binds to this DNA segment
What is the promoter?

9. This process produces many potential proteins from a single DNA gene
What is selective/alternate splicing

10. These two things necessitate the presence of leading and lagging strands
Antiparallel nature of DNA
DNA polymerase being unidirectional

11. Draw two amino acids connected by dehydration synthesis
Daily Double

12. In general, a gene will be transcribed if this occurs
What is RNA polymerase can bind to the promoter/DNA

13. An operon is said to be inducible. This means…
A repressor blocks the promoter, unless a molecule binds to it (an inducer molecule)

14. Genes that are “activated” long term had this happen to them
What is histone acetylation, exposing the gene

15. During development, cells of the “eye cup” start growing from the brain towards the exterior. When they come into contact with previously epidermal cells, the epidermal cells begin to develop as lens cells. The above is known as this phenomenon
What is embryonic induction?

16. The protein for a particular gene is not found in a certain cell
The protein for a particular gene is not found in a certain cell. These are 5 possible explanations
Gene methylated
Gene inaccessible
Gene repressed
No transcription factors
microRNAs
Post-translational modifications or destruction
Mutation in promoter or nonsense mutation

17. Some restriction enzymes leave these single-stranded regions, which can then anneal to other molecules cut with the same restriction enzyme
What are sticky ends?

18. Gel electrophoresis separates molecules by these two properties
What are size and charge

19. These are 3 major steps in DNA sequencing
Digest DNA into fragments
Synthesize new strands with some ddNucleotides
Separate new fragments by size (electrophoresis)

20. These are all the requirements necessary to perform PCR (5 at least)
PCR Machine (heat/cool), DNA segment, primers, Taq DNA polymerase, nucleotides

21. During bacterial transformation a pBlu plasmid is used
During bacterial transformation a pBlu plasmid is used. The goal of the transformation is to insert an insulin gene into the plasmid and into a bacterium. The plasmid and insulin gene are cut with a restriction enzyme, mixed together, and mixed with the bacteria. The bacteria are shocked and then plated on a plate with ampicllin and X-gal. This is what happened in the bacteria that glow blue
What is the sticky ends of the plasmid re-annealed with out the insulin gene being inserted

22. The formation of mRNA from DNA
What is transcription?

23. This refers to the viral transmission of bacterial genes
What is transduction

24. This process is used to insert genes into bacterial vectors
What is transformation?

25. These are “jumping genes”
What are transposons

26. This refers to the movement of tRNA molecules from one ribosomal binding site to the next
What is translocation?