1. Internal Forces that Shape the Earth (Plate Actions)

2. Vocabulary Lithosphere- the solid rock portion of the Earth’s surface.
Hydrosphere-the waters compromising the Earth’s surface, including oceans, seas, lakes, rivers and vapor in the atmosphere.
Atmosphere-the layers of gasses immediately surrounding the Earth.
Biosphere-all the parts of the Earth where the plants and animals live. Included is the atmosphere, lithosphere and hydrosphere.

3. Plate tectonics
The movement of tectonic plates upon the Earth

4. Ring of Fire

5. Tsunami

6. Hot Spot

7. Convergent Boundaries
What occurs? Plates collide

8. Subduction
One plate slides beneath another

9. Where: two ocean plates
Trench and island chain
TRENCH

10. Where: continental &ocean plates Landform: Trench and Mountains
-trench created by
subduction

11. Boundary: Two land plates collide Landform Created: Mountains

12. Divergent Boundary
What Occurs? plates separate / spread apart

13. Where Occurs? Two ocean plates separate
Landform = Mid ocean ridge

14. Where Occurs? Two land plates separate
Landform = Rift Valley

15. Transform Boundary
Where? Two plates slide against each other

16. Landform: Fault

17. IV. Earthquakes and volcanoes form along plate boundaries

18. External Forces that Shape the Earth

19. Weathering
The breaking down of rock into sediment

20. Mechanical Weathering
Physical actions that creates sediment

21. Root Action

22. Frost Wedging

24. Chemical weathering
Chemical process that creates sediment

25. Carbonic Acid
a. Water + Carbon dissolves limestone

26. b. Creates caves

27. Acid Rain

28. Erosion
The carrying away
of sediment

29. Wind

30. Loess
Deposits of fine, windblown sediment

31. Water is the greatest agent of erosion

32. Ice (glaciers)

33. Glaciers form U-Shaped valleys

34. Moraines – ridges of rock and debris deposited by a glacier

35. Soil Creation Loess (soil composed of inorganic matter)
Humus (soil composed of organic matter)

36. Wave
Water that is driven by wind and/or swell. Can change the land/beach.

37. Tide
Rise and fall of sea levels caused by effects of gravity exerted by the moon and sun and rotation of the Earth.

38. Current
Water flow in rivers and the ocean that contribute to water erosion. The stronger the more sediment that is moved.