1. Before Spanish rule What was happening?

2. Crusades
Purpose
To take back control of Christian Holy sites from the Muslims
Unplanned result
Merchants sold spices, sugar, silk, etc. from China and India
European Interest grew about Asia
Trade grew with wealthy merchants who could make lots of money trading with Asia

3. Growth of Ideas Classical works were studied
Science new and old ideas were tested
The performed experiments and evaluated results
Arts also influenced
Authors wrote about the individual place in universe
Sculpture and architecture were studied harmony and balance was a part of this study

4. Growth of Ideas-Renaissance
Period of intellectual and artistic creativity
Renaissance Means Rebirth
Rebirth of interest in classical Greek & Roman ideas
Spread across Europe for two centuries
Changed how Europeans thought about themselves & the world
Set stage for and age of exploration and discovery

5. Religious Rivalries
Martin Luther - German Priest nailed a list of complaints on the door of the local Catholic Church
He questioned power & authority of Leaders
He wanted to spark reform
Pope rejected his ideas
Had to leave
Started the Reformation movement

6. Reformation Movement to reform
A movement lead to a new form of Christianity
Protestantism
Difference is they did not accept the Pope as their leader
Lead to widespread conflict within and between the nations of Europe

7. Religious Rivalries in Europe
King Henry VIII (England) left Catholic Church
Daughter later reform Established England as a Protestant Nation
Common for Kings to insist on having this religion
If you did not then could lose land and fortunes
Many unhappy
Conflict with Spain arose

8. More Conflict King of Spain makes plans to invade England
Invasion if successful could overthrow Protestantism
Spain sent an armada (fleet of ships) to England
England got the upper hand
Spanish Armada was the mightiest naval force
England ended Spanish control of the seas
Way now clear for England to set up colonies in North America.

9. Religious Rivalries in North America
Catholics from Spain and France were spreading their religion
Dutch and English Protestants set up along Atlantic coast
Religious rivalries set up between these settlements

10. Northwest Passage
Explorers wanted to find or discover a Northwest Passage to Asia
A direct water route through the Americas
John Cabot sent by English to look for a northern route

11. Life under Spanish Rule

12. What effect did Spanish rule have on society?
Three kinds of settlements were established by the Spanish in the Americas
Pueblos
Missions
Presidio

13. Pueblos
or Towns
Were considered centers of trade

14. Missions
Religious communities

15. Presidio
Type of fort
Usually built near a mission.

16. Juan de Onate Traveled from Mexico
Established Spanish presence in the lands north.
Assigned to convert native people to Christianity
1598 he established or founded the province of New Mexico
Introduced horses, and cattle
First city is Santa Fe became capital

17. Spanish Society Clear class system Peninsulares Creoles Mestizos
Native Americans and enslaved Africans

18. Peninsulares
People who were born in Spain

19. Creoles
People born in America parents Spanish

20. Mestizos
People who had one Spanish parent and one Native American parent

21. Native Am. & Enslaved Africans
Native Am. Most lived in poverty
Africans did live in poverty

22. Spanish Class System People who were born in Spain Peninsulares
Land owners
Leaders in government
Heads of the Catholic Church
Spanish
Class
System
People born in America parents Spanish
Could hold some public offices
Creoles
People who had one Spanish parent and one Native American parent
Could not hold public office
Mestizos
Native Am. Most lived in poverty
Africans did live in poverty
Not well liked
Could not hold public office
Native Am.
&
Enslaved Africans

23. Plantation System Not all sought gold
Spanish developed a plantation system
Means a system to raise crops
Plantation is a large farm

24. Slave labor used Plantations used slave labor to run the big farms
First they used Native Americans
Las Casas- a Spanish priest
Suggested using enslaved Africans instead of Native Americans Why?
Native Am. Were dying at an extreme amount their populations was dwindling fast.
He regretted this suggestion later
By the late 1500’s slave labor was an essential part of the economy of the colonies.

25. Affect on Native Americans
California’s Native American groups had a well ordered societies before the Spanish arrived
They hunted, Fished, and gathered plants for food
The Spanish disrupted their way of life
They were forced to convert to Christianity
They had to live and work on the missions
They had to work in the mines