1. The Man Who Killed Santa Claus

2. I can discuss the Spanish period in Arizona history..
Learning Target
I can discuss the Spanish period in Arizona history..

3. Spanish Period

4. The Spaniards in Arizona
The first Europeans who entered Arizona were Spaniards, who were looking for gold.
Soon after, missionaries followed seeking to convert the Indians to Catholicism.
The name Arizona probably comes from a Basque (Spanish) word meaning “the good oak tree” after the oak trees that covered an area in south-east central Arizona where they lived.
The following is an excerpt from Arizona (Never Arizonac) by Donald T. Garate
Arizona as an area. Even though Kino and Manje had been in the vicinity several times by 1710, and even though Father Campos had also been there several times by the late 1720's, it appears that Spaniards did not start to move into the area until sometime between 1733 and Nor does any name appear for the area until the spring of Considering that Spaniards had not lived in the area prior to that time; considering that the O'odham claimed they did not go into that region because of apache attacks; and, considering that the O'odham name for the area was Taaká, it is not unreasonable to assume that the Spaniards, themselves, gave the region a name of their own as they moved into the area. Nor is it unreasonable to assume that, since a majority of those Spanish citizens were Basque, and since the area was and is covered by oak trees, that those Basques would name their new home Arizona - "The Good Oak Tree.“

5.
The adventures of Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca convince the Spanish to explore to the north.

6. 1539
Fray Marcos de Niza searches for the Seven Cities of Cibola.

7. Spanish explorer Francisco Coronado leads an expedition into Arizona and claims the land that is today the American Southwest for Spain.
Coronado Sets Out to the North, by Frederic Remington, 1861–1909

9. 1598 – 1607
Spanish explorers travel through Arizona looking for rich mines.
1629
Catholic missionaries establish missions in Hopiland.
They are the first Europeans to live in Arizona.
August 10,1680
In the Great Pueblo Revolt, the Hopis kill settlers, including 22 priests, and burn churches.
Known as the most successful Indian uprising in the American West.

10. Popé's (a pueblo medicine man) plan was that the inhabitants of each Pueblo would rise up and kill the Spanish in their area and then all would advance on Santa Fe to kill or expel all the remaining Spanish. The date set for the uprising was August 11, Popé dispatched runners to all the Pueblos carrying knotted cords. Each morning the Pueblo leadership was to untie one knot from the cord, and when the last knot was untied, that would be the signal for them to rise against the Spaniards in unison.

11. Statue of Popé, or Po'Pay, now in the National Statuary Hall Collection in the US Capitol Building as one of New Mexico's two statues.

12. 1687 – 1711
Father Kino establishes missions in Pimeria Alta, an area that includes southern Arizona.
Pimeria Alta – upper (high) land of the Pima

14. 1736
Silver is discovered at Planchas de Plata, just south of today’s Arizona/Sonora border.
1751
Pima and Papago Indians of Pimeria Alta revolt against white priests and miners in the area in the Great Pima Indian Revolt. 
1752
Because of the Great Pima Indian Revolt, Tubac Presidio is established.
This is Arizona’s first white settlement.
The commonly taught idea that the name Arizona comes from the native American word, arizonac, meaning "silver-bearing" or "little spring place" does not seem to have much evidence when examining primary sources. See slide 3 for another hypothesis on the naming of Arizona.

15. Tubac Presidio

16. Tubac Presidio

17. Missionary/ explorer Francisco Garces is assigned to mission San Xavier del Bac in southern Arizona.
Garces explored the Gila river valley and Colorado river valley from the Gulf of California to the Grand Canyon and overland to the Hopi villages.
He is the first European known to have crossed the Mojave desert.

18. Juan Bautista de Anza takes colonists overland to California.
1775 – 1776
Juan Bautista de Anza takes colonists overland to California.
This Spanish explorer was the governor of New Mexico.
He was assigned as commander of Tubac Presidio before his death.
Juan Bautista de Anza National Historic Trail in California was named for him.

19. 1776
Tucson is established.

20. 1781
Yuma Revolt; Fray Garces is murdered. The land route to California is closed for 40 years.
1784
A new Indian policy, the Galvez Plan is formulated. The Spanish conduct aggressive military campaigns against the Apaches while using bribery to encourage them to settle near the trading posts where they would receive rations and supplies.

21. 1790 – 1821 Mining, ranching, and missions prosper in Arizona.
San Xavier del Bac was built during this time.
It is the best example of Spanish colonial architecture in the Southwest
Also called the White Dove of the Desert