1. Chapter 11: A Study of Fibers and Textiles
11.3 Artificial Fibers
Chapter 11:
A Study of Fibers and Textiles
November 30, 2014
Sanders

2. Homework What are the types of synthetic fibers?
What are most synthetic fibers made from?
What are some negative features of nylon?

3. Unit 5: The Study of Fibers and Textiles
Vocabulary
Amorphous: without a defined shape; fibers composed of a loose arrangement of polymers that are soft, elastic and absorbing.
Monomer: a small molecule that may bond to other monomers to become a polymer.
May 24, 2019
Unit 5: The Study of Fibers and Textiles

4. Unit 5: The Study of Fibers and Textiles
Synthetic Fibers
Fibers that are synthetic are man-made.
Man-made fibers are either regenerated fibers and polymers.
Rayon
Acetate
Nylon
Acrylics
Polyesters
While the fibers cannot match the person to the being at the crime scene, the fibers can match the clothing to being at the crime scene.
May 24, 2019
Unit 5: The Study of Fibers and Textiles

5. Unit 5: The Study of Fibers and Textiles
Regenerated Fibers
It is also known as modified natural fibers.
The most common is rayon.
Cellulose mixed with acetate creates a fiber used in carpets.
May 24, 2019
Unit 5: The Study of Fibers and Textiles

6. Synthetic Polymer Fibers
Synthetic fibers are petroleum based.
The shape of the fiber is based on the manufacture point.
Spinnerets drip out the synthetic fiber.
The shape of the fiber is determined at the factory.
May 24, 2019
Unit 5: The Study of Fibers and Textiles

7. Unit 5: The Study of Fibers and Textiles
Polyester
Common synthetic fiber.
It is a large group of synthetic fibers made from similar chemical make up.
Polar fleece
Wrinkle resistant pants
Added to natural fibers for strength
May 24, 2019
Unit 5: The Study of Fibers and Textiles

8. Unit 5: The Study of Fibers and Textiles
Nylon
Nylon is easily broken down by light or acid.
Nylon introduced as artificial silk.
May 24, 2019
Unit 5: The Study of Fibers and Textiles

9. Unit 5: The Study of Fibers and Textiles
Acrylic
Acrylic is lightweight, soft, and warm, with a wool- like feel.
It can also be made to mimic other fibers, such as cotton, when spun on short staple equipment.
May 24, 2019
Unit 5: The Study of Fibers and Textiles

10. Unit 5: The Study of Fibers and Textiles
Olefins
It is used in wallpaper, ropes, and vehicle interiors.
Olefin is
Strong
Colorfast
Comfortable
It is resistant to
Staining
Mildew
Abrasion
sunlight
It is a good bulk and cover.
May 24, 2019
Unit 5: The Study of Fibers and Textiles

11. Unit 5: The Study of Fibers and Textiles
Fibers are spun into yarns.
Yarns are woven into textiles.
Woven fabrics have been found 6000 years old.
The image on the right is cloth used to wrap a mummy somewhere from BC.
woven linen mummy wrapping
Ancient Egypt. Late Period, c BC. Nice piece of woven linen mummy wrapping. 20 mm (3/4"). Very nicely preserved! ex-Henk Huffener collection, UK, acquired in the late 19th century.
May 24, 2019
Unit 5: The Study of Fibers and Textiles

12. Unit 5: The Study of Fibers and Textiles
Weaving
Weaving is the intertwining of fibers into a fabric.
The lengthwise fiber is called the warp.
The crosswise fabric is called the weft.
May 24, 2019
Unit 5: The Study of Fibers and Textiles