1. Biology 1 Nov. Did you study for yesterdayexam?
Please start a NEW PAGE for your warm-up & answer using FULL sentences.
Did you study for yesterdayexam?
* If YES – HOW did you study?
* If NO – WHY didn’t you study?
List additional 3 ways you COULD HAVE studied.
Exam corrections – Half credit
Grade less than 75% … be here or expect a phone call home!
Thursday 11/3:
Homeroom, Lunch or After School (be here by 2:45)
Friday 11/4: Lunch or After School
Before school (I’m here by 7AM)

2. Inquiry Core Content: Conducting Analyses and Thinking Logically
Apply the scientific inquiry process to investigate the natural world.
Generate and evaluate questions, scientific investigation, natural world, analyze data, conclusions
Understand and apply communication, collaboration, and scientific honesty to the advancement of science. 
Hypotheses, evidence, theory, testable predictions, reliability, communication, validity, intellectual honesty

3. 1-3 November, 2011
Read the article. “Strange But True: Drinking Too Much Water Can Kill”
Answer questions about the article in the back of your lab book (warmup section).
Too Much Water

4. Cell membranes are made of molecules called PHOSPHOLIPIDS
Lipid = FATS/OILS
How do oils respond to water?
Not attracted to water
HYDROPHOBIC
Water-fearing
Phosphate “heads”
Attracted to water
HYDROPHILIC
Water-liking

5. Cell membranes are a “Bilayer”
Two layers of phospholipids
Inside: hydrophobic tail
Outside: hydrophilic heads
Think: Doublestuff OREO cookie.
The PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER is the basic structure of cell membranes.
Animation:

6. What’s all that “stuff” in the membrane?
Membrane Permeability:

7. Cell Membranes
Membranes are not “frozen” structures, like a brick wall.
They are fluid!
Fluid = Able to move.
Animation: /membrane%20fluidity.swf

8. Cell Membranes
Membrane-spanning proteins + Fluidity enables molecules to get into and out of cells.
Membrane Permeability: membraneweb/
Faciltated Diffusion:
hill.com/sites/ /student_view0/chapte r2/animation__how_facilitated_diffusion_works.h tml

9. Cellular Transport Ch. 7-3
Adapted from Brookings.com

10. Teacher’s Domain
.org/asset/tdc02_int_memb raneweb/

11. Kidspiration by: Riedell

12. See a video clip about
DIFFUSION-7A

13. Diffusion

14. Animatioin from: http://www. biologycorner
Molecules move _______“where there’s _______” ____“where there’s _______”
FROM
A LOT to
NOT

15. DIFFUSION across a space
Happens anytime there is a __________ in concentration in one place compared to another
= ________________________
DIFFERENCE
Concentration gradient

16. DIFFUSION across a SPACE
Molecules move automatically _______ the concentration gradient
_______ an area of _______ concentration ____ an area of
________ concentration
EXAMPLES
DOWN
from
Higher to
Lower
Blue dye in beaker demo,
Someone making popcorn/grilling out
Strong perfume,
Bad smell in room

17. DIFFUSION across a space
Diffusion continues until the concentration is ________________
in space
= ________________________
equal everywhere
Equilibrium

18. Molecules need to move across membranes in cells
Image modiified from:

19. Diffusion can happen ________ a _____________ in a cell, too
across
membrane
pass through
…as long as membrane will let the molecule _________________

20. VOCAB
_____________ = substance that is dissolved in a solvent to make a solution
_____________ = substance in which a solute is dissolved
SOLUTE
SOLVENT

21. A B GREATER CONCENTRATION MORE
Images by Riedell
__________________ = mass of a solute in a given volume of solution
CONCENTRATION A B
MORE
The _______ molecules there are in a given volume the ____________the concentration
GREATER

22. Use new vocab to make Koolaid
Koolaid powder
sugar
Solutes = ______________& __________
Solvent = ____________
Koolaid drink = ______________
Water
solution

23. What if there is a difference in concentration but solute molecules can’t move across a membrane?
WATER will move
until concentration
reaches equilibrium

24. Video of Osmosis
How Osmosis Works- Prentice Hall

25. For example…what do you think will happen. What will move
For example…what do you think will happen? What will move? What will stay? ?

26. Result:

27. Why?

28. Animation See an animation Osmosis1

29. What will happen to an animal cell placed in different solutions?
Solute concentration
Greater outside
than inside
Lower outside
than inside
Equal outside
and inside
HYPERTONIC
HYPOTONIC
ISOTONIC
What will happen to an animal cell
placed in different solutions?

30. Water entering = water leaving
Remember: Cells try to “maintain stable internal conditions = ____________________
HOMEOSTASIS
So an animal cell in
ISOTONIC conditions
stays same size
Water entering = water leaving
Video
Choose Blood Isotonic link

31. If cells can’t maintain “stable internal conditions” . . .
damage can result and cells can die.

32. Animation from: http://www. ouhscphysio
OSMOSIS
See an animation Osmosis3
Video
Choose Blood
Hypotonic link
HYPOTONIC: Concentration outside cell is ________________ inside the cell More water enters than leaves cell so cell will ___________________
LESS THAN
swell and possibly burst

33. Animation from: http://www. ouhscphysio
OSMOSIS
See an animation
OSMOSIS 4
HYPERTONIC: Concentration outside cell is ____________________ inside cell
More water leaves cell than enters so cell ____________
GREATER THAN
shrinks
Choose Blood
Hypertonic link
Video

34. Animal cells _________ __________ = CYTOLYSIS = CRENATION
_________ __________
= CYTOLYSIS
= CRENATION

35. Plant cells _____ keeps ___________ = PLASMOLYSIS CELL WALL
Plant cells
_____ keeps ___________
plant cells from bursting
= PLASMOLYSIS
CELL WALL

36. OSMOTIC PRESSURE VACUOLES store WATER _____________________________ =
OSMOTIC PRESSURE
_____________________________ =
Pressure exerted by the movement of water during osmosis

37. SO WHAT? hypotonic Bath water is ________________ compared to you
Sitting in the bathtub causes your fingers and toes to wrinkle up when water ________ your skin cells by osmosis
enters

38. Grocery stores spray water on their veggies to “plump them up”

39. SO WHAT?

40. CELL EXAMPLE: CO2 automatically moves from where there is a
DIFFUSION automatically moves oxygen from HIGHER concentration (in lungs) to a LOWER concentration (in blood)
CO2 automatically moves from where there is a
HIGHER concentration
(in blood) to where there
is a lower concentration
(in lungs)

41. PROBLEM for CELLS? Diffusion only moves molecules from high concentration to low concentration.

42. What if cell needs to move a molecule _________ the CONCENTRATION GRADIENT? _______________
AGAINST
(LOWER  HIGHER)
Cell example:
Want to put MORE glucose
into mitochondria when there is
already glucose in there
Image from:

43. PROBLEM for Cells? Cell membranes are SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE
Video from:
PROBLEM for Cells? Cell membranes are SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE
See a movie

44. What if a cell needs to move _____ or ______ molecules that can’t get through the membrane?
LARGE
POLAR

45. PROBLEM for CELLS? Diffusion happens very slowly

46. What if cell needs to move molecules really _______
What if cell needs to move molecules really _______? (can’t wait for it to diffuse)
FAST
Cell example:
Movement of Na + & K+ ions
required to send
nerve signals

47. Cells need a ____ to ____ molecules across cell membranes that _______ across by ___________
WAY
HELP
can’t go
themselves

48. Kidspiration by: Riedell

49. See a video about Passive transport 7-C

50. Kinds of ________ Transport
PASSIVE
Kinds of ________ Transport
__________________________________
___________________________________
_______________________________
Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion
Carriers
Channels

51. Sites for concept maps
rvlet?rid= _ _6077&partName =htmltext

52. DIFFUSION across a membrane
Happens anytime there is a __________ in _____________ on one side of the membrane compared to the other
DIFFERENCE
concentration
See diffusion animation

53. DIFFUSION PASSIVE DOWN HIGHER to LOWER OXYGEN Carbon dioxide
DIFFUSION
No energy required = _______
Moves _______ concentration gradient
from ___________________
Works for any molecules that can pass through the membrane
Example of molecules that move this way in cells:
________ & ____________
PASSIVE
DOWN
HIGHER to LOWER
OXYGEN Carbon dioxide

54. FACILITATED DIFFUSION uses _______________ to help molecules across 2 kinds of proteins help: _________ & ____________
membrane proteins
Carriers
Channels
Animations from:

55. Facilitated Diffusion with CARRIER PROTEINS
Animation from:
Carrier protein
grabs molecule,
changes shape, and
flips across to
other side like a
revolving door

56. FACILITATED DIFFUSION with CHANNELS
Membrane
proteins
create a
tunnel through
which molecules
can pass
ION CHANNELS
charged
_______________ allow________ ions to get past the ____________ center
hydrophobic

57. FACILITATED DIFFUSION with CHANNELS
polar
________ proteins allow ________
_________ molecules to get past
the __________ middle of cell
membrane.
Aquaporin
WATER
hydrophobic

58. FACILITATED DIFFUSION with CHANNELS
The movement of water molecules
across a cell membrane is called
______________
OSMOSIS

59. ALL KINDS OF FACILITATED DIFFUSION
No energy required = _____________
Moves ________ concentration gradient
from ________________________
___________________ help molecules get across membrane
PASSIVE
DOWN
HIGHER to LOWER
Membrane proteins

60. EXAMPLES OF FACILITATED DIFFUSION IN CELLS
CARRIER PROTEINS
ION CHANNELS
AQUAPORINS (OSMOSIS)
GLUCOSE
Na+ , Cl- , Ca++ , K+
WATER

61. Kidspiration by: Riedell

62. Kinds of ________Transport
ACTIVE
________________________________________
__________________________________
________________________________
___________________________________
PUMPS
Sodium-Potassium
Proton
Vesicles
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
Good clip about active and passive transport!

63. See a video clip about
Na+-K+ pump -7D

64. Na+ and K + PUMP See a movie about Na+ - K+ pump
Animation from:
See a movie about Na+ - K+ pump

65. SODIUM-POTASSIUM PUMP
ACTIVE
___________ transport
(requires energy from ______)
Can move molecules from _____ concentration
to ______
Special just for Na+ and K + ions
Uses _______________________ called
____________ to move molecules
Example: nerve cells Na+ is pumped out of cells at same time K + is taken into cells
ATP
low
high
membrane proteins
pumps

66. H+ Moves Protons across membrane = ___ ions PROTON PUMP
See a movie proton pump
More on this in Chap 8 & 9

67. PROTON PUMP ACTIVE ATP low Protein pumps high ___________ transport
(requires energy from ______)
Can move molecules from _____ concentration to ________
Special just for H+ ions
Uses integral ________________ to move molecules
Examples:
Lysosomes need acidic conditions for digestion
Photosynthesis/Respiration (more on this to come in Ch 8 & 9)
ATP
low
high
Protein pumps

68. ACTIVE TRANSPORT with VESICLES
___________ are small membrane sacs that pinch off of cell membranes used by cells for transporting molecules Used for transporting molecules: If entering the cell = ______________ If exiting the cell = _______________
ENDOCYTOSIS
EXOCYTOSIS

69. See a video clip about
Endo/exocytosis -7E

70. 2 KINDS of ENDOCYTOSIS for taking substances into cell
If taking in: fluid or small molecules =_________________ large particles or whole cells =______________
PINOCYTOSIS
PHAGOCYTOSIS
Animation from:

71. ENDOCYTOSIS Substances taken into cell
ACTIVE
energy
__________ transport (requires________)
Uses ______________ to carry substances
Can move molecules from _____ concentration
to ______
Examples in cells:
one celled organisms eat this way
white blood cells get rid of bacteria this way
VESICLES
low
high

72. Protist eating another ENDOCYTOSIS
Animation from:
Protist eating
another

73. PHAGOCYTOSIS
White blood cell
germs
___________ destroying _______

74. WHITE BLOOD CELL ENGULFING BACTERIA (Phagocytosis)

75. EXOCYTOSIS Substances released outside of cell
__________ transport (requires________)
Uses ______________ to carry substances
Can move molecules from _____ concentration
to ______
Examples in cells:
_________ release packaged proteins this way
ACTIVE
energy
VESICLES
low
high
GOLGI

76. GOLGI BODIES USE EXOCYTOSIS
Video:
GOLGI BODIES USE EXOCYTOSIS
Animation from:
See a Golgi movie

77. Endocytosis & Exocytosis
Videos from:
Endocytosis & Exocytosis
Watch a video clip about endo/exocytosis
video
Choose Screen/Switch programs to view

78. INSULIN being released by pancreas cells using exocytosis

79. See a video clip about
OSMOSIS -7B

80. SOUTH DAKOTA SCIENCE STANDARDS
LIFE SCIENCE
Indicator 1: Understand the fundamental structures, functions, classifications, and mechanisms found in living things.
9-12.L Students are able to relate cellular functions and processes to specialized structures within cells.
Transport

81. Core High School Life Science Performance Descriptors
High school students performing at the
ADVANCED level:
predict how homeostasis is maintained within living systems;
predict the function of a given structure;
PROFICIENT level:
describe the relationship between structure and function;
predict how life systems respond to changes in the environment;
BASIC level
recognize that different structures perform different functions;
define homeostasis;