1. Agreement Planning
Eva Onaindía
27 de Julio de 2011

2. Index
Planning
Multi-agent Planning
Social computing in planning

3. Planning (I) Components of a planning problem: Outcome of a planner:
Initial world state of the problem (set of pairs <vi,ki0>)
Actions (transform <vi,ki0> into <vi,kim>)
Goal of the problem (achieve <vi,kin> <vj,kjn> …)
Outcome of a planner:
Plan: set of actions <a0, a1, …, an> that transforms the initial state into a state in which the goals hold

4. Planning (II) Planning models:
Static planning (state modifications are only due to action transformations)
Dynamic planning (external factors may cause a state modification)
Temporal planning (actions with duration)
Planning with resources
Planning under uncertainty (partially known states, probabilistic effects of actions, …)

5. Multi-Agent Planning (I)
Large-size problems
Distributed knowledge:
Specialized computational entities (agents): different capabilities  different actions
Partial knowledge of the world
Possibly with private goals
Multi-agent planning: several agents plan (design a plan) and/or act (execute a plan) together

6. Multi-Agent Planning (II)
Two scenarios/types of problems:
Cooperative planning:
designing a joint plan by multiple agents
common goals
Negotiated planning:
controlling and coordinating the actions of multiple agents in a shared environment
competitive context: achieve a goal, a resource, etc.

7. Social computing in planning (I)
Decision-making  action choice
Aspects:
Making choices depends on the choices of others
Immediate reward (effects) of an action
Future ramifications of an action
Maximize expected utility
Rationale behind decisions of agents (opponent modeling)

8. Social computing in planning (II)
Cooperative planning:
Argumentation: convince each other upon the convenience of an action
Incomplete and unknown information
Complex model of actions
Negotiated planning (competitive):
Negotiation: execution of conflicting actions from different agents in a shared environment
Negotiation: negotiate coalitions of agents to strengthening the enforcement of a goal (cooperative games)