1. Youth mobility in Europe and its social, political and economic macro-drivers. A case study of Germany, Norway, and Luxemburg from Markus Däubler (University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg) Emilia Kmiotek-Meier (University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg) Karen Hemming (German Youth Institute, Germany) Jan Skrobanek (Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Norway)
EU Geo Congress „Association of Geographical Societies in Europe “
MOVE has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement No

2. Overview Introduction Theoretical background Questions
Methods and secondary macro sample
Results
Conclusions
Kmiotek-Meier, Hemming, Skrobanek, Däubler: Youth mobility in Europe and its social, political and economic macro-drivers.

3. 1. Introduction
MOVE: Mapping mobility – pathways, institutions and structural effects of youth mobility in Europe
Horizon 2020 program ( )
Goal:
improvement and reduction of negative impacts of youth mobility in Europe
Aim case study:
role of macro level characteristics in shaping
youth mobility in Germany & Luxemburg (EU), Norway (non-EU)
Kmiotek-Meier, Hemming, Skrobanek, Däubler: Youth mobility in Europe and its social, political and economic macro-drivers.

4. 2. Theoretical background
Push and pull factors (Lee, 1966 & Massey et al., )
“Tadaro Migration Model” (Todaro, 1980)
“Welfare magnet” hypothesis (Borjas ,1999)
“Global education” hypothesis (Haas, 2011)
“Demography differential” hypothesis (Muenz 2013)
Linkage to global labour market perspective (Wallerstein, 1974)
Kmiotek-Meier, Hemming, Skrobanek, Däubler: Youth mobility in Europe and its social, political and economic macro-drivers.

5. 2. Causes of incoming youth mobility – heuristic model
Kmiotek-Meier, Hemming, Skrobanek, Däubler: Youth mobility in Europe and its social, political and economic macro-drivers.

6. 3 Key questions
How did youth migration to Germany, Norway, and Lux. develop between 2004 and 2013?
How did the macro-predictors develop in the three countries over this period?
Which trends can be found with regards to the parallel development of youth migration and macro-predictors?
Which are the main sending countries for youth mobility to Germany, Norway, and Lux.?
Kmiotek-Meier, Hemming, Skrobanek, Däubler: Youth mobility in Europe and its social, political and economic macro-drivers.

7. 4. Methods and secondary macro sample
Descriptive analysis
Secondary macro data analysis
OECD
Eurostat
United Nations Development Program
World Bank
Aggregated macro data of NO, DE, and LU ( )
Data for youth aged 15-29
Youth migration data:
German Federal Statistics Office
Norwegian Federal Statistics Office
National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies
of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
Kmiotek-Meier, Hemming, Skrobanek, Däubler: Youth mobility in Europe and its social, political and economic macro-drivers.

8. 5.1 Mobility indicators for NO, DE, LU: youth migration total numbers and ratio
Kmiotek-Meier, Hemming, Skrobanek, Däubler: Youth mobility in Europe and its social, political and economic macro-drivers.

9. 5.2 Economic macro indicators: Labour Market

10. 5.3 National macro indicators: Welfare

11. 5.4 Social macro indicators: Living conditions & demography

12. 5.5 Main countries of origin for migration to Germany

13. 5.5 Main countries of origin for migration to Norway

14. 5.5 Main countries of origin for migration to Luxemburg

15. 6. Conclusions I All countries are attractive receiving countries
Youth mobility has risen
All show positive development regarding the economic, state, and societal indicators
 attractive for young people from other European countries especially from the east
BUT: income inequality
Kmiotek-Meier, Hemming, Skrobanek, Däubler: Youth mobility in Europe and its social, political and economic macro-drivers.

16. 6. Conclusions II
countries strongly vary in respect of sending countries the young people come from
meso- and micro-variables have to be taken into account while explaining cross boarder mobility of young people
Quality and availability of migration data is important
Other partner countries were not able to deliver comparable migration data
Kmiotek-Meier, Hemming, Skrobanek, Däubler: Youth mobility in Europe and its social, political and economic macro-drivers.

17. Thank you for your attention!
Markus Däubler
Emilia Kmiotek-Meier
Karen Hemming
Jan Skrobanek
MOVE has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement No
Hemming, Skrobanek, Dettmer, Däubler: Youth mobility in Europe and its social, political and economic macro-drivers.