1. J. Todd Hoeksema Stanford University
Causes and Effects of Superstorms Associated with the Magnetic Field in the Corona and the Heliosphere
J. Todd Hoeksema
Stanford University

2. Premonition of Activity
14 Days
Before
CMP!

3. Observations of Regions 486 & 488
14D Before
Central Meridian
14D Later
Far Side

4. The Photosphere

5. The Magnetic Field

6. Another View of the Surface

7. The Coronal Response Tom Bridgman NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center
Scientific Visualization Studio

8. The Heliospheric Field

9. The Heliospheric Field

10. Several Rotations -3 +1 -1 +2 +6

11. Did the open field line connections change?
Thanks to Yang Liu at Stanford
For the following figures

12. Evolution of magnetic field in this period
Central meridian: CR2007_290** degree in Longitude (Sept. 4)
Central meridian: CR2008_290** degree in Longitude (Oct. 1)
0464
0488
Central meridian: CR2009_290** degree in Longitude (Oct. 28)
0484
0486
Central meridian: CR2010_290** degree in Longitude (Nov. 25)
0501
**Not usual 180 centering

13. Evolution of magnetic field in this period
Central meridian: CR2007_290 degree in Longitude (Sept. 4)
Central meridian: CR2008_290 degree in Longitude (Oct. 1)
0464
Date
(mm/dd/yy)
Time
(UT)
Speed
(cone)
Accel.
Flares
(Preliminary)
10/21/03
03:54
1853
-226.5
AR0484
C8/SF
10/28/03
11:30
2319
-135.8
AR0486
X17/4B
10/29/03
20:54
2093
-186.6
X10/2B
11/02/03
17:30
2986
-193.3
X8/2B
11/04/03
12:06
1020
-40.6 C6
19:54
2996
-385.5
X28/3B
11/07/03
15:54
2233
-85.0
11/11/03
13:54
2436
-340.0
AR0498
M1/SF
11/18/03
08:50
1663
-69.2
AR0501
M3.9
09:50
2720
210.1
M4.5
0488
Central meridian: CR2009_290 degree in Longitude (Oct. 28)
0484
0486
Central meridian: CR2010_290 degree in Longitude (Nov. 25)
0501

14. AR0464 (0484, 0501) and large-scale magnetic field
CR2007:290: Sept 4
CR2008:290: Oct 1
0464
0464
0464

15. AR0486, AR0488 and large-scale magnetic field
CR2008:290: Oct 1
CR2009:290: Oct 28
0488
0486

16. Extremely fast halo CMEs and active regions
Date
(mm/dd/yy)
Time
(UT)
Speed
(cone)
Accel.
Flares
(Preliminary)
10/21/03
03:54
1853
-226.5
AR0484
C8/SF
10/28/03
11:30
2319
-135.8
AR0486
X17/4B
10/29/03
20:54
2093
-186.6
X10/2B
11/02/03
17:30
2986
-193.3
X8/2B
11/04/03
12:06
1020
-40.6 C6
19:54
2996
-385.5
X28/3B
11/07/03
15:54
2233
-85.0
11/11/03
13:54
2436
-340.0
AR0498
M1/SF
11/18/03
08:50
1663
-69.2
AR0501
M3.9
09:50
2720
210.1
M4.5
AR0486, together with AR0488, produced a big open field area after they emerged.
AR0464 (a.k.a. 0484, 0501) emerged within/close to an area with large-scale open magnetic field . ?
The active regions associated with these high speed halo CMEs are closely associated with sources of already open magnetic flux, except AR0498.
In this way the open magnetic field provides an avenue for CMEs to blow out.

17. AR0498 and large-scale magnetic field
CR2009:160
0498

18. Conclusions
The photospheric field changed dramatically in CR 2009; October 2003
Numerous dramatic high-speed CME’s blasted through the corona and heliosphere
New flux emerged in such a way as to reinforce the existing structure
New open flux regions had easy access to the heliosphere
The ambient large-scale structure of the heliospheric current sheet changed very little!
This is consistent with earlier results of Zhao & Hoeksema, JGR, 1996.