1. Foundations of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism by Colin Baker
CHAPTER 1
BILINGUALISM: DEFINITIONS AND DISTINCTIONS

2. Group Discussion Are these statements (T) true or (F) false?
Bilingualism is a rare phenomenon.
Bilinguals acquire their two or more languages in childhood.
Bilinguals have equal and perfect knowledge of their languages.
Real bilinguals have no accent in their different languages.

3. Bilinguals are born translators.
Mixing languages is a sign of laziness in bilinguals. 
Bilinguals are also bicultural.
Bilinguals have double or split personalities. 
Bilinguals express their emotions in their first language. 
Bilingualism will delay language acquisition in children.

4. The language spoken in the home will have a negative effect on the acquisition of the school language, when the latter is different.
If parents want their children to grow up bilingual, they should use the one person - one language approach.
Children raised bilingual will always mix their languages.
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5. INITIAL DISTINCTIONS INDIVIDUAL X SOCIETAL BILINGUALISM
LANGUAGE ABILITY (DEGREE) X LANGUAGE USE (FUNCTION)

6. UNDERSTANDING LABELS
LANGUAGE SKILLS – SPECIFIC OBSERVABLE CLEARLY DEFINABLE COMPONENTS (E.G.: HANDWRITING)
LANGUAGE COMPETENCE – BROAD AND GENERAL TERM FOR INNER MENTAL REPRESENTATION OF LANGUAGE
LANGUAGE PERFORMANCE – EVIDENCE OF COMPETENCE, OBSERVED LANGUAGE COMPREHENSION AND PRODUCTION.

7. LANGUAGE ABILITY – LATENT DISPOSITION TO SUCCESSFULLY LEARNING A LANGUAGE; OUTCOME, LIKE LANGUAGE SKILLS
LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY – LANGUAGE COMPETENCE; MEASURABLE OUTCOME FROM TESTING
LANGUAGE ACHIEVEMENT – OUTCOME OF FORMAL INSTRUCTION (ALONE)

8. DIMENSIONS OF BILINGUALISM
AGE - SIMULTANEOUS, SEQUENTIAL, LATE
ABILITY – INCIPIENT, RECEPTIVE, PRODUCTIVE
LANGUAGE BALANCE – DOMINANCE
DEVELOPMENT – ASCENDANT, RECESSIVE
CONTEXTS – HOME, SCHOOL, WORK, ETC
ELECTIVE (ELITE) X CIRCUMSTANCIAL

9. LANGUAGE ABILITIES RECEPTIVE X PRODUCTIVE SKILLS ORACY X LITERACY
INNER THINKING IN ANOTHER LANGUAGE

10. BALANCED BILINGUALS (EQUI, AMBI)

11. VIEWS OF BILINGUALS FRACTIONAL (2 MONOLINGUALS IN ONE)
X HOLISTIC (COMPLETE LINGUISTIC ENTITY)
SEMILINGUAL, DOUBLE SEMILINGUALS – POLITICAL DEMEANING TERMS

13. LANGUAGE USE
FUNCTIONAL BILINGUALISM – 5Ws OF COMMUNICATION (PRODUCTION)
LANGUAGE CHOICE (NOT ARBITRARY):
BILINGUAL → MONOLINGUAL
BILINGUAL ↔ BILINGUAL
CODE SWITCHING
IDENTITY (MINORITY, MAJORITY)

14. FOOD FOR THOUGHT IS BRAZIL A MONOLINGUAL COUNTRY?
WHAT ARE THE OVERALL GOALS OF BILINGUAL EDUCATION LEARNERS (AND THOSE OF THEIR FAMILIES) IN BRAZIL?
WHAT ARE YOUR GOALS FOR THEM?
AFTER HAVING READ AND DISCUSSED THIS CHAPTER, HOW WOULD YOU DEFINE A BILINGUAL INDIVIDUAL?