1. Disorders of the Musculoskeletal System
Medical Surgical 1
Med-Surg 1

2. Introduction Know those terms! Review of A and P Bones
Parts to a long bone
Bone shapes
Joints
Ligaments, tendons, and cartilage
Adult vs. Child
Muscles
Med-Surg 1

3. Nursing Care Cast care Positioning Neurovascular integrity Pain
Equipment
Positioning
Body casts
Handling
Assessments
Teaching
Perineal care
Turning
Cleanliness
Removal
Positioning
Neurovascular integrity
Pain
Med-Surg 1

4. Nursing Care Traction care
Purpose-relief of muscle spasms, fractures, reduce dislocations
Types-
Skin-Bucks, Russell, Bryants, Thomas
Skeletal- Pelvic, Cervical
Nursing care for traction
Splints
Orthopedic devices-crutches, braces, canes, walking iron, collars, corsets, back braces
General orthopedic nursing care
Dietary interventions
Med-Surg 1

5. Soft Tissue Disorders Contusion-injury to soft tissue
Dislocation-displacement of a bone from normal position
Sprain-trauma to a ligament
Strain-trauma to a muscle
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6. Bone Fractures Types of fractures-see handout
Causes-Direct or indirect trauma, diseased or weakened bone, muscular contraction
Signs and symptoms-pain, loss of function, deformity, edema, warmth, loss of sensation, unnatural movement, crepitus, external rotation, length discrepancies, protrusion
Treatment-pain control, reduction, splint, immobilize, infection control
Fracture healing
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7. Complications of Fractures
Delayed union-union takes longer than expected
Nonunion-healing fails to occur
Pulmonary embolism-secondary to DVT
Fat embolism-rare, fat is released from a long bone
Gas gangrene and tetanus-syndrome-both are caused by anaerobic bacteria
Compartment syndrome-caused by edema
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8. Joint Disorders Ganglion cyst-cystic tumor in tendon sheath
Carpal tunnel syndrome-neuropathy from pressure on median nerve
Tendonitis-inflammation of a tendon
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9. Degenerative Disorders
Osteoporosis-degeneration of the bone
Osteomyelitis-bone inflammation or infection
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-systemic joint inflammation
Degenerative joint disease or osteoarthritis (OA)-joints degenerate, usually weight bearing joints
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10. Anti-inflammatory drugs
Used to treat disorders of the musculoskeletal system involving inflammation
Analgesics and corticosteroids
NSAIDS
Salicylates
Nursing interventions
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11. Surgical Interventions
Arthroplasty-plastic surgery of a diseased joint the increase mobility
Arthroscopy-introduction of instruments or scope into joint for exam
Hip arthroplasty-used with arthritis of the femoral head (replaces femoral head with prosthesis)
Total knee replacement-surgical intervention for arthritis
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12. Inflammatory Joint Disorders
Gout-metabolic disease causing uric acid accumulation in the blood
Diet
Treatment
Bursitis-inflammation of the bursa
Causes
Signs and symptoms
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13. Neoplastic Disorders
Multiple myeloma-disease of plasma cells that infiltrates the bone marrow
Osteogenic sarcoma-malignant bone tumor
Metastatic bone cancer-originates
in other areas of the body
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14. Amputation Removal of an extremity or part of a limb
BEA, AEA, AKA, BKA
Pre-op
Post-op
Phantom limb pain
End of Med-Surg 1 - Unit 10!
Med-Surg 1